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Predictors of Overnight and Emergency Treatment among Homeless Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Chisom N. Iwundu

    (Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, College of Public and Health Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
    Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA)

  • Pooja Agrawal

    (Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
    School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 78701, USA)

  • Michael S. Businelle

    (Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 655 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA)

  • Darla E. Kendzor

    (Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 655 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA)

  • Lorraine R. Reitzel

    (Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
    HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77204, USA)

Abstract

High usage of emergency treatment and hospitalization has been reported among homeless individuals. Hence, this study aimed to identify the sociodemographic predictors associated with overnight and emergency hospital treatment among a sample of homeless adults. Participants were recruited from a shelter in Dallas, Texas (N = 354; Mage = 43.7 ± 11.7) and were predominantly uninsured, low-income men from various racial groups. The outcome variables were: (a) stayed overnight for treatment in a hospital; and (b) treated in a hospital emergency room. In logistic regression models, sex emerged as the only predictor of overnight treatment in a hospital (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.61–4.47), and treatment in an emergency room (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.34–3.65), such that women were more likely than men to be treated overnight and use emergency care. Targeted interventions and policies are needed to address homeless women’s primary care needs and reduce costlier treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Chisom N. Iwundu & Pooja Agrawal & Michael S. Businelle & Darla E. Kendzor & Lorraine R. Reitzel, 2020. "Predictors of Overnight and Emergency Treatment among Homeless Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-9, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:12:p:4271-:d:371701
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Businelle, M.S. & Cuate, E.L. & Kesh, A. & Poonawalla, I.B. & Kendzor, D.E., 2013. "Comparing homeless smokers to economically disadvantaged domiciled smokers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(S2), pages 218-221.
    2. Morgane Gabet & Guy Grenier & Zhirong Cao & Marie-Josée Fleury, 2019. "Predictors of Emergency Department Use among Individuals with Current or Previous Experience of Homelessness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Padgett, Deborah K. & Struening, Elmer L. & Andrews, Howard & Pittman, John, 1995. "Predictors of emergency room use by homeless adults in New York City: The influence of predisposing, enabling and need factors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 41(4), pages 547-556, August.
    4. Chambers, C. & Chiu, S. & Katic, M. & Kiss, A. & Redelmeier, D.A. & Levinson, W. & Hwang, S.W., 2013. "High utilizers of emergency health services in a population-based cohort of homeless adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(S2), pages 302-310.
    5. Kushel, M.B. & Perry, S. & Bangsberg, D. & Clark, R. & Moss, A.R., 2002. "Emergency department use among the homeless and marginally housed: Results from a community-based study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(5), pages 778-784.
    6. Baggett, T.P. & O'Connell, J.J. & Singer, D.E. & Rigotti, N.A., 2010. "The unmet health care needs of homeless adults: A national study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(7), pages 1326-1333.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jayda Martinez & Midhat Z. Jafry & Tzuan A. Chen & Michael S. Businelle & Darla E. Kendzor & Maggie Britton & Maya Vijayaraghavan & Lorraine R. Reitzel, 2022. "Guest Support for Outdoor Smoke-Free Policies within a Homeless Shelter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Chisom N. Iwundu & Tzu-An Chen & Kirsteen Edereka-Great & Michael S. Businelle & Darla E. Kendzor & Lorraine R. Reitzel, 2020. "Mental Illness and Youth-Onset Homelessness: A Retrospective Study among Adults Experiencing Homelessness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Midhat Z. Jafry & Jayda Martinez & Tzuan A. Chen & Michael S. Businelle & Darla E. Kendzor & Lorraine R. Reitzel, 2021. "Perceived Social Support Attenuates the Association between Stress and Health-Related Quality of Life among Adults Experiencing Homelessness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-14, October.
    4. David A. Sleet & Louis Hugo Francescutti, 2021. "Homelessness and Public Health: A Focus on Strategies and Solutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-6, November.

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