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Predictors of Emergency Department Use among Individuals with Current or Previous Experience of Homelessness

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  • Morgane Gabet

    (Département de Gestion, Évaluation et Politiques de Santé, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101 av. du Parc, Montréal, QC H3X1X9, Canada
    Research Center, Douglas MH University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada)

  • Guy Grenier

    (Research Center, Douglas MH University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada)

  • Zhirong Cao

    (Research Center, Douglas MH University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada)

  • Marie-Josée Fleury

    (Research Center, Douglas MH University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
    Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033, Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada)

Abstract

This study assessed the contributions of predisposing, enabling, and needs factors in predicting emergency department (ED) use among 270 individuals with current or previous experience of homelessness. Participants were recruited from three different types of housing (shelter, temporary housing and permanent housing) in Montreal, Quebec (Canada). They were interviewed at baseline (T0), and again 12 months after recruitment (T1). Longitudinal data analyses were conducted on associations between a set of baseline predictors (T0) with the dependent variable (ED users vs. non-users) from T1. Predictors were identified according to the Gelberg–Andersen Behavioral Model. Findings revealed two needs factors associated with ED use: having a substance use disorder (SUD) and low perceived physical health. Two enabling factors, use of ambulatory specialized services and stigma, were also related to ED use. No predisposing factors were retained in the model, and ED use was not associated with type of housing. Improvements are needed in SUD and physical health management in order to reduce ED use, as well as interventions aimed at stigma prevention for this vulnerable population.

Suggested Citation

  • Morgane Gabet & Guy Grenier & Zhirong Cao & Marie-Josée Fleury, 2019. "Predictors of Emergency Department Use among Individuals with Current or Previous Experience of Homelessness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:4965-:d:295126
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lin, W.-C. & Bharel, M. & Zhang, J. & O'Connell, E. & Clark, R.E., 2015. "Frequent emergency department visits and hospitalizations among homeless people with medicaid: Implications for medicaid expansion," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105, pages 716-722.
    2. Hwang, S.W. & Chambers, C. & Chiu, S. & Katic, M. & Kiss, A. & Redelmeier, D.A. & Levinson, W., 2013. "A comprehensive assessment of health care utilization among homeless adults under a system of universal health insurance," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(S2), pages 294-301.
    3. Bharel, M. & Lin, W.-C. & Zhang, J. & O'Connell, E. & Taube, R. & Clark, R.E., 2013. "Health care utilization patterns of homeless individuals in Boston: Preparing for Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(S2), pages 311-317.
    4. Kushel, M.B. & Perry, S. & Bangsberg, D. & Clark, R. & Moss, A.R., 2002. "Emergency department use among the homeless and marginally housed: Results from a community-based study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(5), pages 778-784.
    5. Chambers, C. & Chiu, S. & Katic, M. & Kiss, A. & Redelmeier, D.A. & Levinson, W. & Hwang, S.W., 2013. "High utilizers of emergency health services in a population-based cohort of homeless adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(S2), pages 302-310.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chisom N. Iwundu & Pooja Agrawal & Michael S. Businelle & Darla E. Kendzor & Lorraine R. Reitzel, 2020. "Predictors of Overnight and Emergency Treatment among Homeless Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-9, June.
    2. David A. Sleet & Louis Hugo Francescutti, 2021. "Homelessness and Public Health: A Focus on Strategies and Solutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-6, November.

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