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Linking Urban Planning, Community Environment, and Physical Activity: A Socio-Ecological Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Xue Zhang

    (Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion and Population Health, Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA)

  • Mildred E. Warner

    (Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA)

Abstract

Lack of physical activity is a growing concern among public health advocates and urban planners. Our socio-ecological model incorporates urban planning and World Health Organization actions on physical activity to identify key factors related to leisure-time physical activity at the community level. Our 2019 nationwide US survey of 1312 communities enables examination of the influence of individual, community, and policy levels on physical activity. Individual factors—poverty, aging, minority population, and longer commuting time—result in lower physical activity. Community-level factors have both positive and negative effects. Physical activity is lower in rural and suburban communities, but higher in communities with more transportation services, recreation and social activities, and safety. Communities with mixed-use neighborhoods and complete streets also show higher levels of physical activity. At the policy level, zoning and cross-agency collaboration have an indirect effect on physical activity by increasing these community-level factors. This suggests an alternative approach to promoting physical activity. Local governments can promote transportation, recreation and safety, especially in rural and minority communities lacking active-friendly built environments and facing challenges from aging population, poverty, and longer commuting time. This socio-ecological approach can assess multilevel factors related to physical activity in other countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Xue Zhang & Mildred E. Warner, 2023. "Linking Urban Planning, Community Environment, and Physical Activity: A Socio-Ecological Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-15, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:2944-:d:1061431
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Campbell Foubister & Esther M F van Sluijs & Anna Vignoles & Paul Wilkinson & Edward C F Wilson & Caroline H D Croxson & Helen Elizabeth Brown & Kirsten Corder, 2021. "The school policy, social, and physical environment and change in adolescent physical activity: An exploratory analysis using the LASSO," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(4), pages 1-14, April.
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    3. Xue Zhang & Mildred E. Warner & Elaine Wethington, 2020. "Can Age-Friendly Planning Promote Equity in Community Health Across the Rural-Urban Divide in the US?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-16, February.
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