IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i3p1943-d1042438.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Relationship between the Transmission of Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains and Air Quality: A Case Study in China

Author

Listed:
  • Ruiqing Ma

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
    International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China)

  • Yeyue Zhang

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
    International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China)

  • Yini Zhang

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
    International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China)

  • Xi Li

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
    International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China)

  • Zheng Ji

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
    International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China)

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global public health concern for almost three years, and the transmission characteristics vary among different virus variants. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 infection caused by the original strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, it is unclear whether individuals might be more susceptible to COVID-19 due to exposure to air pollutants, with the SARS-CoV-2 mutating faster and faster. This study aimed to explore the relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 infection caused by three major SARS-CoV-2 strains (the original strain, Delta variant, and Omicron variant) in China. A generalized additive model was applied to investigate the associations of COVID-19 infection with six air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , CO, NO 2 , and O 3 ). A positive correlation might be indicated between air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 ) and confirmed cases of COVID-19 caused by different SARS-CoV-2 strains. It also suggested that the mutant variants appear to be more closely associated with air pollutants than the original strain. This study could provide valuable insight into control strategies that limit the concentration of air pollutants at lower levels and would better control the spread of COVID-19 even as the virus continues to mutate.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruiqing Ma & Yeyue Zhang & Yini Zhang & Xi Li & Zheng Ji, 2023. "The Relationship between the Transmission of Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains and Air Quality: A Case Study in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1943-:d:1042438
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/1943/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/1943/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ru-Jin Huang & Yanlin Zhang & Carlo Bozzetti & Kin-Fai Ho & Jun-Ji Cao & Yongming Han & Kaspar R. Daellenbach & Jay G. Slowik & Stephen M. Platt & Francesco Canonaco & Peter Zotter & Robert Wolf & Sim, 2014. "High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China," Nature, Nature, vol. 514(7521), pages 218-222, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yasin Elshorbany & Sarah Mixson & Laila Marcum & Jason L. Salemi, 2024. "The Relation between Atmospheric Aerosol Concentration and SARS-CoV-2 Variants’ Infection and Mortality Rates in the United States: A Remote-Sensing Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-15, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jing Zhang & Wenjian Zhu & Dubin Dong & Yuan Ren & Wenhao Hu & Xinjie Jin & Zhengxuan He & Jian Chen & Xiaoai Jin & Tianhuan Zhou, 2024. "The Influence of Three-Dimensional Building Morphology on PM 2.5 Concentrations in the Yangtze River Delta," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Shi, Wenxiao & Lin, Chen & Chen, Wei & Hong, Jinglan & Chang, Jingcai & Dong, Yong & Zhang, Yanlu, 2017. "Environmental effect of current desulfurization technology on fly dust emission in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1-9.
    3. Yi Yang & Jie Li & Guobin Zhu & Qiangqiang Yuan, 2019. "Spatio–Temporal Relationship and Evolvement of Socioeconomic Factors and PM 2.5 in China During 1998–2016," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-24, March.
    4. Zhixiong Tan & Haili Wu & Qingyang Chen & Jiejun Huang, 2024. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Air Quality and Its Driving Factors in Beijing’s Main Urban Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.
    5. Yana Jin & Henrik Andersson & Shiqiu Zhang, 2016. "Air Pollution Control Policies in China: A Retrospective and Prospects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-22, December.
    6. Lili Guo & Yuting Song & Mengqian Tang & Jinyang Tang & Bright Senyo Dogbe & Mengying Su & Houjian Li, 2022. "Assessing the Relationship among Land Transfer, Fertilizer Usage, and PM 2.5 Pollution: Evidence from Rural China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-18, July.
    7. Yu Zhang & Jiayu Wu & Chunyao Zhou & Qingyu Zhang, 2019. "Installation Planning in Regional Thermal Power Industry for Emissions Reduction Based on an Emissions Inventory," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-13, March.
    8. Hujia Zhao & Ke Gui & Yanjun Ma & Yangfeng Wang & Yaqiang Wang & Hong Wang & Yu Zheng & Lei Li & Lei Zhang & Yuqi Zhang & Huizheng Che & Xiaoye Zhang, 2022. "Multi-Year Variation of Ozone and Particulate Matter in Northeast China Based on the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-23, March.
    9. Hongfeng Zhang & Lu Huang & Yan Zhu & Hongyun Si & Xu He, 2021. "Does Low-Carbon City Construction Improve Total Factor Productivity? Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-21, November.
    10. Han-Yin Sun & Ci-Wen Luo & Yun-Wei Chiang & Kun-Lin Yeh Yi-Ching Li & Yung-Chung Ho & Shiuan-Shinn Lee & Wen-Ying Chen & Chun-Jung Chen & Yu-Hsiang Kuan, 2021. "Association Between PM 2.5 Exposure Level and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Taiwanese Adults: A Nested Case–control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    11. Zhang, Dongyang, 2023. "Can environmental monitoring power transition curb corporate greenwashing behavior?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 199-218.
    12. Ying Zhang & Shouming Chen & Yujia Li & Disney Leite Ramos, 2024. "Does Environmental Protection Law Bring about Greenwashing? Evidence from Heavy-Polluting Firms in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, February.
    13. Zhong, Yu-Xiu & Wang, Xin & Xu, Gang & Ning, Xinyu & Zhou, Lin & Tang, Wen & Wang, Ming-Hao & Wang, Tong & Xu, Jun & Jiang, Long & Wang, Yi & Su, Sheng & Hu, Song & Xiang, Jun, 2023. "Investigation on slagging and high-temperature corrosion prevention and control of a 1000 MW ultra supercritical double tangentially fired boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    14. Shr, Yau-Huo & Hsu, Wen & Hwang, Bing-Fang & Jung, Chau-Ren, 2023. "Air quality and risky behaviors on roads," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    15. Jie Yang & Pengfei Liu & Hongquan Song & Changhong Miao & Feng Wang & Yu Xing & Wenjie Wang & Xinyu Liu & Mengxin Zhao, 2021. "Effects of Anthropogenic Emissions from Different Sectors on PM 2.5 Concentrations in Chinese Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-13, October.
    16. Kun Liu & Xuemin Liu & Zihao Wu, 2024. "Nexus between Corporate Digital Transformation and Green Technological Innovation Performance: The Mediating Role of Optimizing Resource Allocation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, February.
    17. Diyi Liu & Kun Cheng & Kevin Huang & Hui Ding & Tiantong Xu & Zhenni Chen & Yanqi Sun, 2022. "Visualization and Analysis of Air Pollution and Human Health Based on Cluster Analysis: A Bibliometric Review from 2001 to 2021," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, October.
    18. Eun-Min Cho & Hyung Jin Jeon & Dan Ki Yoon & Si Hyun Park & Hyung Jin Hong & Kil Yong Choi & Heun Woo Cho & Hyo Chang Cheon & Cheol Min Lee, 2019. "Reliability of Low-Cost, Sensor-Based Fine Dust Measurement Devices for Monitoring Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentrations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-10, April.
    19. Qi Chen & Ruqian Miao & Guannan Geng & Manish Shrivastava & Xu Dao & Bingye Xu & Jiaqi Sun & Xian Zhang & Mingyuan Liu & Guigang Tang & Qian Tang & Hanwen Hu & Ru-Jin Huang & Hao Wang & Yan Zheng & Yu, 2024. "Widespread 2013-2020 decreases and reduction challenges of organic aerosol in China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    20. Deguang Li & Zhicheng Ding & Jianghuan Liu & Qiurui He & Hamad Naeem, 2022. "Exploring Spatiotemporal Dynamics of PM 2.5 Emission Based on Nighttime Light in China from 2012 to 2018," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1943-:d:1042438. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.