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Impacts of Wildfire Smoke and Air Pollution on a Pediatric Population with Asthma: A Population-Based Study

Author

Listed:
  • Linn E. Moore

    (Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada)

  • Andre Oliveira

    (Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T3L 2M6, Canada)

  • Raymond Zhang

    (Department of Computer Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada)

  • Laleh Behjat

    (Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T3L 2M6, Canada)

  • Anne Hicks

    (Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada)

Abstract

Wildfires are increasing yearly in number and severity as a part of the evolving climate crisis. These fires are a significant source of air pollution, a common driver of flares in cardiorespiratory disease, including asthma, which is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Poorly controlled asthma leads to significant societal costs through morbidity, mortality, lost school and work time and healthcare utilization. This retrospective cohort study set in Calgary, Canada evaluates the relationship between asthma exacerbations during wildfire smoke events and equivalent low-pollution periods in a pediatric asthma population. Air pollution was based on daily average levels of PM 2.5 . Wildfire smoke events were determined by combining information from provincial databases and local monitors. Exposures were assumed using postal codes in the health record at the time of emergency department visits. Provincial claims data identified 27,501 asthma exacerbations in 57,375 children with asthma between 2010 to 2021. Wildfire smoke days demonstrated an increase in asthma exacerbations over the baseline (incidence rate ratio: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.24); this was not seen with air pollution in general. Increased rates of asthma exacerbations were also noted yearly in September. Asthma exacerbations were significantly decreased during periods of COVID-19 healthcare precautions.

Suggested Citation

  • Linn E. Moore & Andre Oliveira & Raymond Zhang & Laleh Behjat & Anne Hicks, 2023. "Impacts of Wildfire Smoke and Air Pollution on a Pediatric Population with Asthma: A Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1937-:d:1042360
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Charles R. Harris & K. Jarrod Millman & Stéfan J. Walt & Ralf Gommers & Pauli Virtanen & David Cournapeau & Eric Wieser & Julian Taylor & Sebastian Berg & Nathaniel J. Smith & Robert Kern & Matti Picu, 2020. "Array programming with NumPy," Nature, Nature, vol. 585(7825), pages 357-362, September.
    2. Shelby Henry & Maria B. Ospina & Liz Dennett & Anne Hicks, 2021. "Assessing the Risk of Respiratory-Related Healthcare Visits Associated with Wildfire Smoke Exposure in Children 0–18 Years Old: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-37, August.
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