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Time to Play in Javanese Preschool Children—An Examination of Screen Time and Playtime before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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  • Soni Nopembri

    (Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia)

  • Rizki Mulyawan

    (Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia)

  • Puji Yanti Fauziah

    (Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia)

  • Erma Kusumawardani

    (Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia)

  • Indri Hapsari Susilowati

    (Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Lukman Fauzi

    (Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia)

  • Widya Hary Cahyati

    (Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia)

  • Tandiyo Rahayu

    (Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia)

  • Terence Buan Kiong Chua

    (Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore)

  • Michael Yong Hwa Chia

    (Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore)

Abstract

This comparative–descriptive multi-national research examined the screen time and playtime of preschool children aged 1–6 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents reported on the play and screen habits of preschool-aged children on the weekday and weekends using a questionnaire on the lifestyle habits of their children. Results indicated a significant difference in screen time and playtime on the weekday and weekend before the pandemic (screen time: 1.91 ± 2.40 vs. 2.16 ± 2.60 h; playtime: 3.55 ± 2.49 vs. 4.11 ± 2.58 h, both p < 0.05), but during the COVID-19 pandemic, only the weekday–weekend difference in screen time was significantly different (screen time: 2.87 ± 3.15 vs. 3.26 ± 3.18 h, p < 0.05; playtime: 3.25 ± 3.41 vs. 3.48 ± 2.41, p > 0.05). Before- and during-COVID-19 comparisons showed that the average daily screen time increased by 150% from 2.04 h to 3.06 h ( p < 0.05), while the average play time decreased by 12.3% (3.83 to 3.36 h, p < 0.05). Based upon international guidelines for movement behaviours of young children, special attention and actions are needed to manage the excessive daily screen time and preserve the average daily playtime of Javanese preschool children. These results present useful benchmarking data for parents, teachers, and health authorities to initiate ameliorative interventions to better balance children’s screen time and playtime as Indonesia emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic to a COVID-19 endemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Soni Nopembri & Rizki Mulyawan & Puji Yanti Fauziah & Erma Kusumawardani & Indri Hapsari Susilowati & Lukman Fauzi & Widya Hary Cahyati & Tandiyo Rahayu & Terence Buan Kiong Chua & Michael Yong Hwa Ch, 2023. "Time to Play in Javanese Preschool Children—An Examination of Screen Time and Playtime before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1659-:d:1038150
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Puji Yanti Fauziah & Erma Kusumawardani & Soni Nopembri & Rizki Mulyawan & Indri Hapsari Susilowati & Susiana Nugraha & Sudibyo Alimoeso & Bonardo Prayogo Hasiholan & Lukman Fauzi & Widya Hary Cahyati, 2022. "Play–Sleep Nexus in Indonesian Preschool Children before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Qiang Wang & Jiameng Ma & Akira Maehashi & Hyunshik Kim, 2020. "The Associations between Outdoor Playtime, Screen-Viewing Time, and Environmental Factors in Chinese Young Children: The “Eat, Be Active and Sleep Well” Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Michael Yong Hwa Chia & John Komar & Terence Buan Kiong Chua & Lee Yong Tay, 2022. "Associations between Parent Attitudes and on- and off-Screen Behaviours of Preschool Children in Singapore," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Pulan Bai & Sarah Johnson & Stewart G. Trost & Leanne Lester & Andrea Nathan & Hayley Christian, 2021. "The Relationship between Physical Activity, Self-Regulation and Cognitive School Readiness in Preschool Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-10, November.
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