IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i8p4822-d794829.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Post-COVID-19 Tourists’ Preferences, Attitudes and Travel Expectations: A Study in Guayaquil, Ecuador

Author

Listed:
  • Miguel Orden-Mejía

    (Facultat de Turisme i Geografia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43480 Vila-seca, Spain)

  • Mauricio Carvache-Franco

    (Facultad de Turismo y Hotelería, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador)

  • Assumpció Huertas

    (Department of Communication, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain)

  • Wilmer Carvache-Franco

    (Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador)

  • Nathalie Landeta-Bejarano

    (Carrera de Turismo, Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Babahoyo 120102, Ecuador)

  • Orly Carvache-Franco

    (Facultad de Especialidades Empresariales, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador)

Abstract

Expectations about a destination influence the tourist experience during the travel process stages. In the post-COVID-19 normalcy, people are adjusting their priorities and social values. Therefore, it becomes crucial to identify tourists’ expectations before traveling. The objectives of this research were: (a) identify the preferences of tourists; (b) establish the attitudes of tourists; and (c) determine the expectations of tourists for post-COVID-19 destination selection. The study analyzed a sample of 491 people during pandemic lockdowns in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Statistical techniques such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used in data analysis. The results show that after the pandemic, tourists prefer urban tourism, followed by cultural tourism and traveling with relatives. It also shows a more responsible and supportive attitude when traveling. Likewise, the results support the dimensional structure that explains a set of post-pandemic tourist expectations. Five factors were identified: Smart Care, pricing strategy, safety, comfort, and social distancing. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of the results that will guide for tourism destination managers were discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Miguel Orden-Mejía & Mauricio Carvache-Franco & Assumpció Huertas & Wilmer Carvache-Franco & Nathalie Landeta-Bejarano & Orly Carvache-Franco, 2022. "Post-COVID-19 Tourists’ Preferences, Attitudes and Travel Expectations: A Study in Guayaquil, Ecuador," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4822-:d:794829
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/8/4822/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/8/4822/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wang, Chunyang & Qu, Hailin & Hsu, Maxwell K., 2016. "Toward an integrated model of tourist expectation formation and gender difference," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 58-71.
    2. Sea-Jin Chang & Arjen van Witteloostuijn & Lorraine Eden, 2010. "From the Editors: Common method variance in international business research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(2), pages 178-184, February.
    3. Yang, Yang & Zhang, Hongru & Chen, Xiang, 2020. "Coronavirus pandemic and tourism: Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling of infectious disease outbreak," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    4. Lisa Cameron & Manisha Shah, 2015. "Risk-Taking Behavior in the Wake of Natural Disasters," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 50(2), pages 484-515.
    5. Rahmiye Figen Ceylan & Burhan Ozkan & Esra Mulazimogullari, 2020. "Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 21(6), pages 817-823, August.
    6. Quintal, Vanessa Ann & Lee, Julie Anne & Soutar, Geoffrey N., 2010. "Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 797-805.
    7. Sigala, Marianna, 2020. "Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 312-321.
    8. Ulrike Gretzel & Matthias Fuchs & Rodolfo Baggio & Wolfram Hoepken & Rob Law & Julia Neidhardt & Juho Pesonen & Markus Zanker & Zheng Xiang, 2020. "e-Tourism beyond COVID-19: a call for transformative research," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 187-203, June.
    9. Bernhardt, Kenneth L. & Donthu, Naveen & Kennett, Pamela A., 2000. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Satisfaction and Profitability," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 161-171, February.
    10. María Magdalena Solís-Radilla & Lucio Hernández-Lobato & Luis Jose Callarisa-Fiol & Héctor T. Pastor-Durán, 2019. "The Importance of Sustainability in the Loyalty to a Tourist Destination through the Management of Expectations and Experiences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-23, July.
    11. Untaru, Elena-Nicoleta & Han, Heesup, 2021. "Protective measures against COVID-19 and the business strategies of the retail enterprises: Differences in gender, age, education, and income among shoppers," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    12. Martin Joseph Gannon & Ian W. F. Baxter & Elaine Collinson & Ross Curran & Thomas Farrington & Steven Glasgow & Elliot M. Godsman & Keith Gori & Gordon R. A. Jack & Sean Lochrie & Rebecca Maxwell-Stua, 2017. "Travelling for Umrah: destination attributes, destination image, and post-travel intentions," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(7-8), pages 448-465, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Yang & Zhang, Carol X. & Rickly, Jillian M., 2021. "A review of early COVID-19 research in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research's Curated Collection on coronavirus and tourism1," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    2. Judit Sulyok & Beáta Fehérvölgyi & Tibor Csizmadia & Attila I. Katona & Zsolt T. Kosztyán, 2023. "Does geography matter? Implications for future tourism research in light of COVID-19," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 128(3), pages 1601-1637, March.
    3. Chung-Wei Kuo, 2021. "Can We Return to Our Normal Life When the Pandemic Is under Control? A Preliminary Study on the Influence of COVID-19 on the Tourism Characteristics of Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Handayani, Bintang, 2021. "Foodstragramming of Solo Dining Experiencescape: The Fear of Missing Out," International Journal on Food System Dynamics, International Center for Management, Communication, and Research, vol. 12(01), January.
    5. Wei Quan & Jichul Jang & Aleksandar Radic & Antonio Ariza-Montes & Heesup Han, 2023. "Safe Destination Choice Among Tourism-Product Consumers in the New Era of Tourism," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, October.
    6. Davide Provenzano & Serena Volo, 2022. "Tourism recovery amid COVID-19: The case of Lombardy, Italy," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(1), pages 110-130, February.
    7. Untaru, Elena-Nicoleta & Han, Heesup, 2021. "Protective measures against COVID-19 and the business strategies of the retail enterprises: Differences in gender, age, education, and income among shoppers," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    8. Azzeddine Madani & Saad Eddine Boutebal & Hinde Benhamida & Christopher Robin Bryant, 2020. "The Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on the Tourism Needs of the Algerian Population," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-11, October.
    9. Foris Diana & Matei Cristina-Alexandra & Foris Tiberiu, 2021. "Exploring Solutions and the Role of GDS Technology in Crossing the Current Pandemic Context in Tourism," European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, Sciendo, vol. 11(1), pages 91-101, December.
    10. Hui Yan & Haixiang Wei & Min Wei, 2021. "Exploring Tourism Recovery in the Post-COVID-19 Period: An Evolutionary Game Theory Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-21, August.
    11. Zerin Tasnim & Mahmud Akhter Shareef & Yogesh K. Dwivedi & Uma Kumar & Vinod Kumar & F. Tegwen Malik & Ramakrishnan Raman, 2023. "Tourism sustainability during COVID-19: developing value chain resilience," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 391-407, March.
    12. Ashill, Nick & Abuelsamen, Amjad & Gibbs, Tanya & Semaan, Rania W., 2022. "Understanding organization-customer links in a service setting in Russia," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    13. Teresa Borges-Tiago & Sandra Silva & Sónia Avelar & João Pedro Couto & Luíz Mendes-Filho & Flávio Tiago, 2021. "Tourism and COVID-19: The Show Must Go On," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    14. Marija Bratić & Aleksandar Radivojević & Nenad Stojiljković & Olivera Simović & Emil Juvan & Miha Lesjak & Eva Podovšovnik, 2021. "Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, March.
    15. Sariişik Mehmet & Ceylan Veli & Kapucuoğlu Mustafa İnanç, 2023. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel behavior: A case study of domestic inbound travelers in Turkey," European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, Sciendo, vol. 13(2), pages 211-224, December.
    16. Valentina Ndou & Gioconda Mele & Eglantina Hysa & Otilia Manta, 2022. "Exploiting Technology to Deal with the COVID-19 Challenges in Travel & Tourism: A Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-25, May.
    17. Cecilia Pasquinelli & Mariapina Trunfio & Nicola Bellini & Simona Rossi, 2021. "Sustainability in Overtouristified Cities? A Social Media Insight into Italian Branding Responses to Covid-19 Crisis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, February.
    18. Li, Xun & Gong, Jian & Gao, Baojun & Yuan, Peiwen, 2021. "Impacts of COVID-19 on tourists' destination preferences: Evidence from China," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    19. Rafael Célia & Pires Ana Luísa, 2021. "Analysis of scientific production on Technological Innovation in Tourism," European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, Sciendo, vol. 11(1), pages 22-33, December.
    20. Miguel Ángel Moliner-Tena & Diego Monferrer-Tirado & Juan Bautista Ferreres-Bonfill & Rosa M. Rodríguez-Artola, 2021. "Destination Sustainability and Memorable Tourism Experiences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-12, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4822-:d:794829. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.