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Migration and Removal of Labile Cadmium Contaminants in Paddy Soils by Electrokinetic Remediation without Changing Soil pH

Author

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  • Yajun Luan

    (State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Junzeng Xu

    (State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Jing Zhou

    (State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Haiyu Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Fengxiang Han

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA)

  • Kechun Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Yuping Lv

    (College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China)

Abstract

Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is a viable, advanced cleaning strategy that can permanently reduce the toxicity of soil contaminants. However, EKR is prone to causing changes in soil pH. The negative impacts must be minimized if field-scale application is to be realized. In this study, EKR with polarity reversal was used to avoid soil pH polarization and to clean up cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy soils. Results showed that Cd desorbed from oxidizable and residual fractions to labile and easily available parts. Soil moisture content above 0.35 g g −1 was conductive to achieving the desirable Cd-migration rate. The exchangeable Cd phase eventually migrated from both ends of that soil compartment towards the intermediate. Moreover, the addition of citric acid at the concentration of 0.1 mol L −1 was an effective enhancement strategy. The methodology enriched Cd contaminants to specific sites. The technology can be used for electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation during the rice growing period. Hyperaccumulator is planted in the intermediate area to remove the Cd contaminants. On the other hand, Cd removal is achieved in the region close to the electrodes. The present study provides a theoretical basis for in situ remediation. It has a wider significance for field-scale application.

Suggested Citation

  • Yajun Luan & Junzeng Xu & Jing Zhou & Haiyu Wang & Fengxiang Han & Kechun Wang & Yuping Lv, 2022. "Migration and Removal of Labile Cadmium Contaminants in Paddy Soils by Electrokinetic Remediation without Changing Soil pH," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:3812-:d:777788
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chen, Peng & Nie, Tangzhe & Chen, Shuaihong & Zhang, Zhongxue & Qi, Zhijuan & Liu, Wanning, 2019. "Recovery efficiency and loss of 15N-labelled urea in a rice-soil system under water saving irrigation in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 139-153.
    2. Claudio Cameselle & Susana Gouveia & Adrian Cabo, 2020. "Analysis and Optimization of Mn Removal from Contaminated Solid Matrixes by Electrokinetic Remediation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-16, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hayishaer Mulati & Anwar Mamat & Nuerla Ailijiang & Lu Jiang & Ning Li & Yuanfang Hu & Yuhong Su, 2023. "Electrokinetic-Assisted Phytoremediation of Pb-Contaminated Soil: Influences of Periodic Polarity Reversal Direct Current Field," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, May.

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