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Systemic Lactate Elevation Induced by Tobacco Smoking during Rest and Exercise Is Not Associated with Nicotine

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  • Sri Sumartiningsih

    (Department of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Gedung F1 Kampus Sekaran-Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
    Graduate School of Physical Education, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang, Gedung A Kampus Pascasarjana Jl. Kelud Utara III, Semarang 50237, Indonesia)

  • Setya Rahayu

    (Department of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Gedung F1 Kampus Sekaran-Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
    Graduate School of Physical Education, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang, Gedung A Kampus Pascasarjana Jl. Kelud Utara III, Semarang 50237, Indonesia)

  • Eko Handoyo

    (Graduate School of Physical Education, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Semarang, Gedung A Kampus Pascasarjana Jl. Kelud Utara III, Semarang 50237, Indonesia
    Department of Political and Citizenship, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Gedung C Kampus Sekaran-Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia)

  • Jung-Charng Lin

    (Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 111, Taiwan)

  • Chin Leong Lim

    (Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore)

  • Michal Starczewski

    (Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Philip X. Fuchs

    (Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan)

  • Chia-Hua Kuo

    (Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan)

Abstract

Lactate is a metabolite produced during anaerobic glycolysis for ATP resynthesis, which accumulates during hypoxia and muscle contraction. Tobacco smoking significantly increases blood lactate. Here we conducted a counter-balanced crossover study to examine whether this effect is associated with inhaling nicotine or burned carbon particles. Fifteen male smokers (aged 23 to 26 years) were randomized into 3 inhalation conditions: tobacco smoking, nicotine vaping, and nicotine-free vaping, conducted two days apart. An electronic thermal evaporator (e-cigarette) was used for vaping. We have observed an increased blood lactate (+62%, main effect: p < 0.01) and a decreased blood glucose (−12%, main effect: p < 0.05) during thermal air inhalations regardless of the content delivered. Exercise-induced lactate accumulation and shuttle run performance were similar for the 3 inhalation conditions. Tobacco smoking slightly increased the resting heart rate above the two vaping conditions ( p < 0.05), implicating the role of burned carbon particles on sympathetic stimulation, independent of nicotine and thermal air. The exercise response in the heart rate was similar for the 3 conditions. The results of the study suggest that acute hypoxia was induced by breathing thermal air. This may explain the reciprocal increases in lactate and decreases in glucose. The impaired lung function in oxygen delivery of tobacco smoking is unrelated to nicotine.

Suggested Citation

  • Sri Sumartiningsih & Setya Rahayu & Eko Handoyo & Jung-Charng Lin & Chin Leong Lim & Michal Starczewski & Philip X. Fuchs & Chia-Hua Kuo, 2022. "Systemic Lactate Elevation Induced by Tobacco Smoking during Rest and Exercise Is Not Associated with Nicotine," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-8, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2902-:d:762376
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reinskje Talhout & Thomas Schulz & Ewa Florek & Jan Van Benthem & Piet Wester & Antoon Opperhuizen, 2011. "Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Sri Sumartiningsih & Hsin-Fu Lin & Jung-Charng Lin, 2019. "Cigarette Smoking Blunts Exercise-Induced Heart Rate Response among Young Adult Male Smokers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-9, March.
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