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Are AAMA and GAMA Levels in Urine after Childbirth a Suitable Marker to Assess Exposure to Acrylamide from Passive Smoking during Pregnancy?—A Pilot Study

Author

Listed:
  • Hanna Mojska

    (Department of Nutrition and the Nutritional Value of Food, National Institute of Public Health-National Instutute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Iwona Gielecińska

    (Department of Food Safety National Institute of Public Health—National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Edyta Jasińska-Melon

    (Department of Nutrition and the Nutritional Value of Food, National Institute of Public Health-National Instutute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Joanna Winiarek

    (Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Włodzimierz Sawicki

    (Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Introduction: Acrylamide (AA) is a “probably carcinogenic to humans” monomer that can form in heated starchy food and in tobacco smoke. N-Acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (AAMA) and N-Acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (GAMA), acrylamide metabolites in urine, are recognized as good markers of exposure to acrylamide. Aim: The aim of the study is a preliminary assessment whether the levels of AAMA and GAMA in urine after childbirth are good markers of acrylamide exposure due to passive smoking during pregnancy. Material and method: The study group consisted 67 non-smokers and 10 passive-smoker women during pregnancy. AAMA and GAMA levels in urine samples were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The median AAMA levels in urine of non-smoking and passively smoking women were 30.7 μg/g creatinine and 25.2 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Much lower values were determined for GAMA: 11.4 μg/g creatinine and 10.3 μg/g creatinine, respectively. There is no significant difference between AAMA and GAMA content in urine samples between both groups of women as well as in the anthropometric parameters of newborns between those two groups of mothers. Conclusion: Our pilot study did not confirm that postpartum AAMA and GAMA concentrations in urine are good markers of exposure to acrylamide from passive smoking during pregnancy. It is probably due to the different ways of acrylamide absorption from tobacco smoke by active and passive smokers. Exposure of pregnant women to acrylamide from passive smoking requires further research.

Suggested Citation

  • Hanna Mojska & Iwona Gielecińska & Edyta Jasińska-Melon & Joanna Winiarek & Włodzimierz Sawicki, 2020. "Are AAMA and GAMA Levels in Urine after Childbirth a Suitable Marker to Assess Exposure to Acrylamide from Passive Smoking during Pregnancy?—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:20:p:7391-:d:426074
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reinskje Talhout & Thomas Schulz & Ewa Florek & Jan Van Benthem & Piet Wester & Antoon Opperhuizen, 2011. "Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-16, February.
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    1. Carmen Sáez & Alfredo Sánchez & Vicent Yusà & Pablo Dualde & Sandra F. Fernández & Antonio López & Francisca Corpas-Burgos & Miguel Ángel Aguirre & Clara Coscollà, 2021. "Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to 15 Essential and Toxic Elements in Spanish Women of Reproductive Age: A Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-22, December.

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