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The Effect of Problematic Social Media Use on Happiness among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Lifestyle Habits

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  • Jiewen Zhang

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Claudia Marino

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Natale Canale

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Lorena Charrier

    (Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy)

  • Giacomo Lazzeri

    (Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy)

  • Paola Nardone

    (National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Roma, Italy)

  • Alessio Vieno

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

Background: Although the relationship between problematic social media use (PSMU) and happiness has been already explored, less is known about the mechanisms that translate PSMU into lower happiness through lifestyle habits. Therefore, the current study focuses on the association between PSMU and happiness, exploring a mediating effect of lifestyle habits (e.g., difficulties in getting to sleep and frequency of physical activity) among Italian adolescents. Methods: A total of 58,976 Italian adolescents (mean age = 13.6, SD = 1.63; age range = 10.5–16.5; 49.4% females) were included. The pattern of relationships specified by the theoretical model was examined through path analysis. Results: Difficulties in getting to sleep ( β = −0.037, p < 0.001) and frequency of physical activity ( β = −0.012, p < 0.001) were mediators in the relationship between PSMU and happiness. Multi-group analyses across gender and age groups (11, 13, and 15 years old) showed that the chain mediating effect of the frequency of physical activity on the difficulties in getting to sleep was not significant for females but significant for males and for all of the three age groups. Overall, females and older ages were sensitive to the whole model. Conclusion: Along with difficulties in getting to sleep and the frequency of physical activity, lifestyle habits may contribute to the association between PSMU and happiness. We also recommend that future studies focus on PSMU in females and older adolescents, as they show more general sleep problems and reduced physical activity.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiewen Zhang & Claudia Marino & Natale Canale & Lorena Charrier & Giacomo Lazzeri & Paola Nardone & Alessio Vieno, 2022. "The Effect of Problematic Social Media Use on Happiness among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Lifestyle Habits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2576-:d:756543
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Derrick Wirtz & Amanda Tucker & Chloe Briggs & Alexander M. Schoemann, 2021. "How and Why Social Media Affect Subjective Well-Being: Multi-Site Use and Social Comparison as Predictors of Change Across Time," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1673-1691, April.
    2. Leena Paakkari & Jorma Tynjälä & Henri Lahti & Kristiina Ojala & Nelli Lyyra, 2021. "Problematic Social Media Use and Health among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-11, February.
    3. Longobardi, C. & Settanni, M. & Fabris, M.A. & Marengo, D., 2020. "Follow or be followed: Exploring the links between Instagram popularity, social media addiction, cyber victimization, and subjective happiness in Italian adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
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