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Marathon Performance Depends on Pacing Oscillations between Non Symmetric Extreme Values

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  • Jean-Renaud Pycke

    (UMR8071—CNRS-Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d’Evry (LaMME), University of Paris-Saclay (Evry), 91037 Evry, France
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Véronique Billat

    (Department of STAPS, University of Paris-Saclay (Evry), 91037 Evry, France
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

A marathon was recently run in less than 2 h by a man who ran the three fastest marathons ever recorded in a span of three years—Eliud Kipchoge—in the Tokyo Olympic games. Here, we demonstrate that the best marathons were run according to a pace distribution that is statistically not constant and with negative asymmetry. The concept of mirror race enables us to show that the sign of asymmetry is not due to sampling fluctuations. We show that marathon performance depends on pacing oscillations between extreme values, and that even the best marathons ever run differ and can be improved upon. The utilization of extreme values and oscillations allows for recovery and optimization of the complementary aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms. Our findings suggest new ways to approach the pacing for optimizing endurance performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Renaud Pycke & Véronique Billat, 2022. "Marathon Performance Depends on Pacing Oscillations between Non Symmetric Extreme Values," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2463-:d:754362
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Billat, Véronique & Carbillet, Thomas & Correa, Matthieu & Pycke, Jean-Renaud, 2019. "Detecting the marathon asymmetry with a statistical signature," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 515(C), pages 240-247.
    2. Dennis M. Bramble & Daniel E. Lieberman, 2004. "Endurance running and the evolution of Homo," Nature, Nature, vol. 432(7015), pages 345-352, November.
    3. Thorsten Emig & Jussi Peltonen, 2020. "Human running performance from real-world big data," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Florent Palacin & Luc Poinsard & Julien Mattei & Christian Berthomier & Véronique Billat, 2024. "Brain, Metabolic, and RPE Responses during a Free-Pace Marathon: A Preliminary Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Véronique Billat & Luc Poinsard & Florent Palacin & Jean Renaud Pycke & Michael Maron, 2022. "Oxygen Uptake Measurements and Rate of Perceived Exertion during a Marathon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Véronique Billat & Florent Palacin & Luc Poinsard & Johnathan Edwards & Michael Maron, 2022. "Heart Rate Does Not Reflect the %VO 2 max in Recreational Runners during the Marathon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-13, September.

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