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Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease in Adults? A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Ghadah Abu-Shawish

    (Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar)

  • Joseph Betsy

    (Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India)

  • Sukumaran Anil

    (Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
    Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta 689101, India)

Abstract

There is inconclusive evidence about the link between the severity and prevalence of periodontitis in obese adults. Therefore, this systematic review aims to explore the possibility of significant evidence on the association between obesity and periodontitis and to determine the necessity to consider obesity as a risk factor for periodontitis. We followed the PRISMA protocol, and studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. The risk of bias in individual studies was also evaluated. This review included 15 observational studies (9 cross-sectional studies, 2 case-control, and 4 cohort studies). The total study subjects from these studies were 6603 (males = 3432; females = 3171). Most studies showed a significant association between obesity and periodontitis. Among these studies, a few showed obese females to be at a higher risk, and one study found no association between obesity and periodontal disease at all. Based on the evidence obtained from this review, the body mass index (BMI) should be routinely assessed in patients to assess the risk for periodontal disease and to offer personalized management of periodontitis. Based on the findings of this review, we recommend the need to initiate awareness among clinicians and implement dental hygiene care prevention measures for obese patients.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghadah Abu-Shawish & Joseph Betsy & Sukumaran Anil, 2022. "Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease in Adults? A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12684-:d:933066
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adela Hruby & Frank Hu, 2015. "The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 33(7), pages 673-689, July.
    2. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Raciel Yera & Ahmad A. Alzahrani & Luis Martínez & Rosa M. Rodríguez, 2023. "A Systematic Review on Food Recommender Systems for Diabetic Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres & Jack Houghton & Gabriela de Figueiredo Meira & Patrícia Garcia de Moura-Grec & Sergio Luis Aparecido Brienze & Belkais Abuuasha Karim & Guy Howard Carpenter, 2023. "Salivary Adiponectin and Albumin Levels on the Gingival Conditions of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-12, March.

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