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Insomnia, Time Perspective, and Personality Traits: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Non-Clinical Population

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  • Marco Fabbri

    (Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Alessia Beracci

    (Department of Psychology, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain)

  • Monica Martoni

    (Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy)

Abstract

Insomnia disorder is considered a public health problem and additional studies should investigate predisposing and perpetuating factors. This study examined the relationship between Big Five personality traits, time perspective, and insomnia. In a cross-sectional study, 400 participants (227 women; age range 18–74 years) were administered the Big Five Inventory—10 items, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A measure of chronotype was also included for control purposes. The results show that insomniacs reported lower scores for conscientiousness and extraversion, and for past-positive (PP) and future (F) perspectives, whereas they obtained higher scores for past-negative (PN) perspectives and deviation from a balanced time perspective. The correlations confirmed these findings, but negative correlations between present-hedonistic (PH) perspective and ISI score, and between emotional stability and ISI score, were also found. The mediation analyses showed that F played an indirect role in the relationship between consciousness and ISI score, PN had an indirect effect on the relationship between emotional stability and ISI or between extraversion and insomnia, and PH had an indirect effect on the relationship between extraversion and ISI score. The current outcomes shed light on the mechanisms which serve to mediate the relationship between insomnia and personality traits.

Suggested Citation

  • Marco Fabbri & Alessia Beracci & Monica Martoni, 2022. "Insomnia, Time Perspective, and Personality Traits: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Non-Clinical Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:11018-:d:905713
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maciej Stolarski & Gerald Matthews & Sławomir Postek & Philip Zimbardo & Joanna Bitner, 2014. "How We Feel is a Matter of Time: Relationships Between Time Perspectives and Mood," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 809-827, August.
    2. Marco Mirolli & Luca Simione & Monica Martoni & Marco Fabbri, 2021. "Accept Anxiety to Improve Sleep: The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Relationships between Mindfulness, Distress, and Sleep Quality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Boštjan Bajec, 2018. "Relationship between time perspective and job satisfaction," International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 18(1/2), pages 145-165.
    4. Marco Fabbri & Alessia Beracci & Monica Martoni & Debora Meneo & Lorenzo Tonetti & Vincenzo Natale, 2021. "Measuring Subjective Sleep Quality: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-50, January.
    5. Han-Na Kim & Juhee Cho & Yoosoo Chang & Seungho Ryu & Hocheol Shin & Hyung-Lae Kim, 2015. "Association between Personality Traits and Sleep Quality in Young Korean Women," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-17, June.
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