IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i15p9514-d878975.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The North Italian Longitudinal Study Assessing the Mental Health Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Health Care Workers—Part I: Study Design and Psychometric Structural Validity of the HSE Indicator Tool and Work Satisfaction Scale

Author

Listed:
  • Giovanni Veronesi

    (EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy)

  • Emanuele Maria Giusti

    (Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy
    Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy)

  • Alessia D’Amato

    (ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy)

  • Francesco Gianfagna

    (EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
    Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy)

  • Rossana Borchini

    (UOS Medicina Preventiva e Legale, ASST Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy)

  • Gianluca Castelnuovo

    (Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy
    Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, Italy)

  • Licia Iacoviello

    (EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
    Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy)

  • Marco Mario Ferrario

    (EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy)

Abstract

Literature on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the mental health of Health Care Workers (HCWs) is mostly based on cross-sectional surveys. We designed a longitudinal study to assess work-related stress and mental health before and after the pandemic onset in a university-hospital in Lombardia region, Italy. We report on sample representativeness and structural validity of questionnaires assessing work stress (HSE Indicator Tool, HSE-IT) and work satisfaction (WS), which were not validated in the HCWs population. n = 1287 HCWs from 67 hospital wards/offices were invited to an online survey in summer 2019 (pre-COVID-19 wave) and again during winter 2020 (COVID-19 wave). Selected hospital wards/offices did not differ from the remaining wards for turn-over and down-sizing rates, overload, sick leaves, and night shifts (Wilcoxon rank tests p -values > 0.05). Participation rates were 70% (n = 805) and 60% (n = 431) in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 waves, respectively. Socio-demographic and work-related characteristics did not impact data completeness nor participation to the COVID-19 wave. While confirming a 7-component structure for HSE-IT, we identified a new factor related to participation in work organization. A one-factor model for WS had satisfactory fit. Our longitudinal study based on a representative sample and adopting validated questionnaires is well-suited to elucidate the role of work conditions on the development of mental health disorders in HCWs.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanni Veronesi & Emanuele Maria Giusti & Alessia D’Amato & Francesco Gianfagna & Rossana Borchini & Gianluca Castelnuovo & Licia Iacoviello & Marco Mario Ferrario, 2022. "The North Italian Longitudinal Study Assessing the Mental Health Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Health Care Workers—Part I: Study Design and Psychometric Structural Validity of the HSE Indicator To," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9514-:d:878975
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9514/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9514/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Emanuele Maria Giusti & Giovanni Veronesi & Camilla Callegari & Gianluca Castelnuovo & Licia Iacoviello & Marco Mario Ferrario, 2022. "The North Italian Longitudinal Study Assessing the Mental Health Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Health Care Workers—Part II: Structural Validity of Scales Assessing Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Massimo Antonelli, 2021. "A One-Year Prospective Study of Work-Related Mental Health in the Intensivists of a COVID-19 Hub Hospital," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    3. Ottilia Cassandra Chigwedere & Anvar Sadath & Zubair Kabir & Ella Arensman, 2021. "The Impact of Epidemics and Pandemics on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-35, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Patricia Angeli da Silva Pigati & Renato Fraga Righetti & Victor Zuniga Dourado & Bruna Tiemi Cunha Nisiaymamoto & Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo & Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério, 2022. "Resilience Improves the Quality of Life and Subjective Happiness of Physiotherapists during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Nicola Magnavita & Igor Meraglia & Giacomo Viti & Martina Gasbarri, 2024. "Tracking Workplace Violence over 20 Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(11), pages 1-21, October.
    3. Cristina Civilotti & Daniela Acquadro Maran & Sergio Garbarino & Nicola Magnavita, 2022. "Hopelessness in Police Officers and Its Association with Depression and Burnout: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, April.
    4. Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera & Moisés Betancort & C. Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar & Natalia Rodríguez Novo & Carlos De las Cuevas, 2021. "The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-10, September.
    5. Ari Shechter & Codruta Chiuzan & Yimeng Shang & Gavin Ko & Franchesca Diaz & Hadiah K. Venner & Kaitlin Shaw & Diane E. Cannone & Cara L. McMurry & Alexandra M. Sullivan & Reynaldo R. Rivera & Courtne, 2021. "Prevalence, Incidence, and Factors Associated with Posttraumatic Stress at Three-Month Follow-Up among New York City Healthcare Workers after the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Katarzyna Gustavsson & Zuzanna Goetz-Kundera & Magdalena Flaga-Łuczkiewicz & Adam Wichniak, 2023. "Which Aspects of Work Safety Satisfaction Are Important to Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-9, February.
    7. Dominik Hinzmann & Katharina Schütte-Nütgen & Arndt Büssing & Olaf Boenisch & Hans-Jörg Busch & Christoph Dodt & Patrick Friederich & Matthias Kochanek & Guido Michels & Eckhard Frick, 2022. "Critical Care Providers’ Moral Distress: Frequency, Burden, and Potential Resources," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    8. Takaki Tanifuji & Kentaro Mouri & Yasuji Yamamoto & Shinsuke Aoyama, 2023. "Psychological Distress among University Staff before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.
    9. Pinky Mahlangu & Yandisa Sikweyiya & Andrew Gibbs & Nwabisa Shai & Mercilene Machisa, 2023. "“I Carry the Trauma and Can Vividly Remember”: Mental Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Frontline Health Care Workers in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-14, January.
    10. Nicola Magnavita & Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio & Igor Meraglia & Maria Eugenia Vacca & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Enrico Di Stasio, 2023. "Sleep in Residents: A Comparison between Anesthesiology and Occupational Medicine Interns," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-13, January.
    11. Lorenza Lia & Eleonora Ricci & Corrado Colaprico & Eleonora Di Legge & Augusto Faticoni & Lorenzo Maria Donini & Giuseppe La Torre, 2022. "Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Nutritional Status and Lipid Profile of Employees in a Teaching Hospital in Rome: A Retrospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-12, April.
    12. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Massimo Antonelli, 2022. "Treating Anti-Vax Patients, a New Occupational Stressor—Data from the 4th Wave of the Prospective Study of Intensivists and COVID-19 (PSIC)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-13, May.
    13. Teh-Kuang Sun & Li-Chuan Chu & Chun Hui, 2022. "The Psychological Impact and Influencing Factors during Different Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers in Central Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, August.
    14. Marina Ruxandra Oțelea & Agripina Rașcu & Cătălin Staicu & Lavinia Călugăreanu & Mădălina Ipate & Silvia Teodorescu & Ovidiu Persecă & Angelica Voinoiu & Andra Neamțu & Violeta Calotă & Dana Mateș, 2022. "Exhaustion in Healthcare Workers after the First Three Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.
    15. Ching-Lun Tsai & Cheng-Hao Tu & Jui-Cheng Chen & Hsien-Yuan Lane & Wei-Fen Ma, 2021. "Efficiency of an Online Health-Promotion Program in Individuals with At-Risk Mental State during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-12, November.
    16. Nicola Magnavita, 2022. "Headache in the Workplace: Analysis of Factors Influencing Headaches in Terms of Productivity and Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-11, March.
    17. Smriti Nepal & Sandra Bailey & Jamie Newman & Lachlan Wright & Natalie Smith & Michelle Dickson & Anna Williamson, 2023. "Social and Emotional Wellbeing of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(12), pages 1-8, June.
    18. Kathrine Jáuregui Renaud & Davis Cooper-Bribiesca & Elizabet Martínez-Pichardo & José A. Miguel Puga & Dulce M. Rascón-Martínez & Luis A. Sánchez Hurtado & Tania Colin Martínez & Eliseo Espinosa-Pobla, 2021. "Acute Stress in Health Workers during Two Consecutive Epidemic Waves of COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-19, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9514-:d:878975. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.