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Use of Physical Activity and Exercise to Reduce Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Author

Listed:
  • Valeria Calcaterra

    (Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
    Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy)

  • Matteo Vandoni

    (Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Virginia Rossi

    (Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy)

  • Clarissa Berardo

    (Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy)

  • Roberta Grazi

    (Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy)

  • Erika Cordaro

    (Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Valeria Tranfaglia

    (Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy)

  • Vittoria Carnevale Pellino

    (Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
    Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tor Vergata Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Cristina Cereda

    (Neonatal Screening and Metabolic Disorders Unit, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy)

  • Gianvincenzo Zuccotti

    (Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy)

Abstract

Childhood obesity is a leading public health problem worldwide, as it is increasingly prevalent and therefore responsible for serious obesity-related comorbidities, not only in childhood but also in adulthood. In addition to cardio-metabolic obesity-related disorders, recent evidence suggests that excess adipose tissue in turn is associated with immune cell infiltration, increased adipokine release, and the development of low-grade systemic inflammation obesity. Exercise is considered a non-pharmacological intervention that can delay obesity-related comorbidities, improving cardiovascular fitness and modulating the inflammatory processes. It has been reported that the anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise may be mediated by a reduction in visceral fat mass, with a subsequent decrease in the release of adipokines from adipose tissue (AT) and/or by the induction of an anti-inflammatory environment. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of AT as an endocrine organ associated with chronic inflammation and its role in obesity-related complications, focusing on the effect of exercise in reducing inflammation in children and adolescents with obesity. Regular physical exercise must be considered as a natural part of a healthy lifestyle, and promoting physical activity starting from childhood is useful to limit the negative effects of obesity on health. The crucial role of the immune system in the development of obesity-induced inflammatory processes and the efficacy of exercise as an anti-inflammatory, non-pharmacological intervention may provide possible targets for the development of new treatments and early preventive strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Valeria Calcaterra & Matteo Vandoni & Virginia Rossi & Clarissa Berardo & Roberta Grazi & Erika Cordaro & Valeria Tranfaglia & Vittoria Carnevale Pellino & Cristina Cereda & Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, 2022. "Use of Physical Activity and Exercise to Reduce Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Obesity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-20, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6908-:d:831959
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kazuyo Moro & Taketo Yamada & Masanobu Tanabe & Tsutomu Takeuchi & Tomokatsu Ikawa & Hiroshi Kawamoto & Jun-ichi Furusawa & Masashi Ohtani & Hideki Fujii & Shigeo Koyasu, 2010. "Innate production of TH2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associated c-Kit+Sca-1+ lymphoid cells," Nature, Nature, vol. 463(7280), pages 540-544, January.
    2. Valeria Calcaterra & Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, 2022. "Physical Exercise as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Attenuating Obesity-Related Complications in Children and Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-2, April.
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    1. Cristina Mennitti & Annaluisa Ranieri & Ersilia Nigro & Lorella Tripodi & Mariarita Brancaccio & Jacopo Ulisse & Luca Gentile & Fabio Fimiani & Arturo Cesaro & Giovanni D’Alicandro & Giuseppe Limongel, 2022. "The Impact of Physical Exercise on Obesity in a Cohort of Southern Italian Obese Children: Improvement in Cardiovascular Risk and Immune System Biomarkers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.

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