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Insurance Issues as Secondary Stressors Following Flooding in Rural Australia—A Mixed Methods Study

Author

Listed:
  • John W. McKenzie

    (University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
    Office of the Vice Chancellor, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia)

  • Jo M. Longman

    (University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia)

  • Ross Bailie

    (University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia)

  • Maddy Braddon

    (University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia)

  • Geoffrey G. Morgan

    (University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
    Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia)

  • Edward Jegasothy

    (University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia)

  • James Bennett-Levy

    (University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, 61 Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia)

Abstract

Flood events can be dramatic and traumatic. People exposed to floods are liable to suffer from a variety of adverse mental health outcomes. The adverse effects of stressors during the recovery process (secondary stressors) can sometimes be just as severe as the initial trauma. Six months after extensive flooding in rural Australia, a survey of 2530 locals was conducted focusing on their flood experiences and mental health status. This mixed methods study analysed (a) quantitative data from 521 respondents (21% of total survey respondents) who had insurance coverage and whose household was inundated, 96 (18%) of whom reported an insurance dispute or denial; and (b) qualitative data on insurance-related topics in the survey’s open comments sections. The mental health outcomes were all significantly associated with the degree of flood inundation. The association was strong for probable PTSD and ongoing distress (Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals 2.67 (1.8–4.0) and 2.30 (1.6–3.3), respectively). The associations were less strong but still significant for anxiety and depression (AORs 1.79 (1.2–2.7) and 1.84 (1.2–2.9)). The secondary stressor of insurance dispute had stronger associations with ongoing distress and depression than the initial flood exposure (AORs 2.43 (1.5–3.9) and 2.34 (1.4–3.9), respectively). Insurance was frequently mentioned in the open comment sections of the survey. Most comments (78% of comments from all survey respondents) were negative, with common adverse trends including dispute/denial, large premium increases after a claim, inconsistencies in companies’ responses and delayed assessments preventing timely remediation.

Suggested Citation

  • John W. McKenzie & Jo M. Longman & Ross Bailie & Maddy Braddon & Geoffrey G. Morgan & Edward Jegasothy & James Bennett-Levy, 2022. "Insurance Issues as Secondary Stressors Following Flooding in Rural Australia—A Mixed Methods Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6383-:d:822977
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dianne Lowe & Kristie L. Ebi & Bertil Forsberg, 2013. "Factors Increasing Vulnerability to Health Effects before, during and after Floods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-53, December.
    2. Margaret I. Rolfe & Sabrina Winona Pit & John W. McKenzie & Jo Longman & Veronica Matthews & Ross Bailie & Geoffrey G. Morgan, 2020. "Social vulnerability in a high-risk flood-affected rural region of NSW, Australia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 101(3), pages 631-650, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lennart Reifels & Michel L. A. Dückers, 2023. "Disaster Mental Health Risk Reduction: Appraising Disaster Mental Health Research as If Risk Mattered," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Ross Bailie, 2023. "Climate-Related Natural Disasters: Reflections on an Agenda for Rural Health Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-7, April.

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