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Multilevel Factors Associated with Frailty among the Rural Elderly in Korea Based on the Ecological Model

Author

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  • Ah Ram Jang

    (Center for Human-Caring Nurse Leaders for the Future by Brain Korea 21 (BK 21) Four Project, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Ju Young Yoon

    (Center for Human-Caring Nurse Leaders for the Future by Brain Korea 21 (BK 21) Four Project, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
    College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

Abstract

Frailty is prevalent in the rural elderly and, as a result, they are vulnerable to serious health problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the multilevel factors affecting frailty among the rural elderly using the ecological model. A total of 386 participants aged 65 years or older from 60 rural areas were included in the study. Frailty was measured using the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty index. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting frailty among the rural elderly. The results show that the levels of prevalence for robust, pre-frailty, and frailty groups were 81 (21%), 216 (56%), and 89 (23%), respectively. As for intrapersonal factors, old age, lower than middle school education, low and moderate levels of physical activity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction significantly increased the risk of frailty; however, no interpersonal and community factors were significant in affecting frailty. The findings indicate that individualized strategies to encourage physical activity, prevent depressive symptoms, and preserve cognitive function are needed to prevent frailty in the rural elderly.

Suggested Citation

  • Ah Ram Jang & Ju Young Yoon, 2021. "Multilevel Factors Associated with Frailty among the Rural Elderly in Korea Based on the Ecological Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4146-:d:536291
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Achraf Ammar & Hamdi Chtourou & Omar Boukhris & Khaled Trabelsi & Liwa Masmoudi & Michael Brach & Bassem Bouaziz & Ellen Bentlage & Daniella How & Mona Ahmed & Patrick Mueller & Notger Mueller & Hsen , 2020. "COVID-19 Home Confinement Negatively Impacts Social Participation and Life Satisfaction: A Worldwide Multicenter Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Hae Sagong & Ju Young Yoon, 2021. "Pathways among Frailty, Health Literacy, Acculturation, and Social Support of Middle-Aged and Older Korean Immigrants in the USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Hyuma Makizako & Hiroyuki Shimada & Takehiko Doi & Kota Tsutsumimoto & Ryo Hotta & Sho Nakakubo & Keitaro Makino & Sangyoon Lee, 2018. "Social Frailty Leads to the Development of Physical Frailty among Physically Non-Frail Adults: A Four-Year Follow-Up Longitudinal Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-9, March.
    4. Ruby Yu & Wan-Chi Wu & Jason Leung & Susan C. Hu & Jean Woo, 2017. "Frailty and Its Contributory Factors in Older Adults: A Comparison of Two Asian Regions (Hong Kong and Taiwan)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-16, September.
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