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Pathways among Frailty, Health Literacy, Acculturation, and Social Support of Middle-Aged and Older Korean Immigrants in the USA

Author

Listed:
  • Hae Sagong

    (Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Ju Young Yoon

    (Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
    Research Institute of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
    Center for Human-Caring Nurse Leaders for the Future by Brain Korea 21 (BK 21) Four Project, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

Abstract

Culturally and linguistically different immigrants in the U.S. are considered populations with low health literacy in general, thereby having a high risk of negative health outcomes such as frailty. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of social support and acculturation on the relationship between health literacy and frailty of Korean immigrants in existing models of health literacy. A total of 244 Korean immigrants aged 50 years and older residing in Southern United States (Alabama and Georgia) were recruited. Path analysis was used to examine the pathways among variables, and the indirect effects of health literacy were analyzed. The results revealed that health literacy and social support directly influenced frailty; social support and acculturation were identified to influence health literacy. Health literacy had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between social support and frailty and a complete mediating effect in the relationship between acculturation and frailty. Therefore, to prevent frailty, it is necessary to consider enhancing immigrants’ health literacy by elevating acculturation and social supports.

Suggested Citation

  • Hae Sagong & Ju Young Yoon, 2021. "Pathways among Frailty, Health Literacy, Acculturation, and Social Support of Middle-Aged and Older Korean Immigrants in the USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1245-:d:490025
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ah Ram Jang & Ju Young Yoon, 2021. "Multilevel Factors Associated with Frailty among the Rural Elderly in Korea Based on the Ecological Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Yasuyo Yoshizawa & Tomoki Tanaka & Kyo Takahashi & Mahiro Fujisaki-Sueda-Sakai & Bo-kyung Son & Katsuya Iijima, 2021. "Impact of Health Literacy on the Progression of Frailty after 4 Years among Community-Dwelling Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Hye-Ri Shin & Eun-Young Choi & Su-Kyung Kim & Hee-Yun Lee & Young-Sun Kim, 2021. "Health Literacy and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Evidence from a Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-10, July.
    4. Evgeny Knaifel & Rafael Youngmann & Efrat Neter, 2023. "Immigrant generation, acculturation, and mental health literacy among former Soviet Union immigrants in Israel," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(3), pages 724-734, May.

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