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Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Khaled Trabelsi

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
    Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
    These authors contributed equally to this work as first authors.)

  • Achraf Ammar

    (Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
    Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
    These authors contributed equally to this work as first authors.)

  • Liwa Masmoudi

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
    Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Omar Boukhris

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
    Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia)

  • Hamdi Chtourou

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
    Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia)

  • Bassem Bouaziz

    (Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Michael Brach

    (Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany)

  • Ellen Bentlage

    (Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany)

  • Daniella How

    (Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany)

  • Mona Ahmed

    (Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany)

  • Patrick Mueller

    (Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
    Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Notger Mueller

    (Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
    Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Hsen Hsouna

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
    Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia)

  • Yousri Elghoul

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
    Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Mohamed Romdhani

    (Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia)

  • Omar Hammouda

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
    Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France)

  • Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos

    (Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
    Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil)

  • Annemarie Braakman-Jansen

    (Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands)

  • Christian Wrede

    (Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands)

  • Sofia Bastoni

    (Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands
    Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milano, Italy)

  • Carlos Soares Pernambuco

    (Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063, Brasil)

  • Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos

    (Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University of Dubai, Dubai 117781, United Arab Emirates)

  • Morteza Taheri

    (Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran)

  • Khadijeh Irandoust

    (Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran)

  • Nicola L. Bragazzi

    (Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
    Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada)

  • Jana Strahler

    (Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany)

  • Jad Adrian Washif

    (Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia)

  • Albina Andreeva

    (Department of Sports Biomechanics, Moscow Center of Advanced Sport Technologies, 129272 Moscow, Russia)

  • Stephen J. Bailey

    (School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK)

  • Jarred Acton

    (School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK)

  • Emma Mitchell

    (School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK)

  • Nicholas T. Bott

    (Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA)

  • Faiez Gargouri

    (Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Lotfi Chaari

    (Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France)

  • Hadj Batatia

    (Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France)

  • Samira C. Khoshnami

    (UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France)

  • Evangelia Samara

    (Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece)

  • Vasiliki Zisi

    (Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece)

  • Parasanth Sankar

    (Consultant in Internal Medicine and Diabetes, MGM Muthoot Hospitals Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645, India)

  • Waseem N. Ahmed

    (Consultant Family Physician, CRAFT Hospital and Research Centre, Kodungallur, Kerala 680664, India)

  • Gamal Mohamed Ali

    (Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt)

  • Osama Abdelkarim

    (Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
    Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruher, Germany)

  • Mohamed Jarraya

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Kais El Abed

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Wassim Moalla

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Nafaa Souissi

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Asma Aloui

    (Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia)

  • Nizar Souissi

    (Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia)

  • Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen

    (Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands)

  • Bryan L. Riemann

    (Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA)

  • Laurel Riemann

    (PharmD, BCBS, PharmIAD, Inc., Savannah, GA 30458, USA)

  • Jan Delhey

    (Institute of Social Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Jonathan Gómez-Raja

    (FundeSalud, Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain)

  • Monique Epstein

    (The E-Senior Association, 75020 Paris, France)

  • Robbert Sanderman

    (Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Sebastian Schulz

    (Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany)

  • Achim Jerg

    (Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany)

  • Ramzi Al-Horani

    (Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan)

  • Taysir Mansi

    (Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Ismail Dergaa

    (PHCC, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar)

  • Mohamed Jmail

    (Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Fernando Barbosa

    (Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal)

  • Fernando Ferreira-Santos

    (Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal)

  • Boštjan Šimunič

    (Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia)

  • Rado Pišot

    (Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia)

  • Saša Pišot

    (Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia)

  • Andrea Gaggioli

    (Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart I UNICATT, 20123 Milano, Italy)

  • Jürgen Steinacker

    (Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany)

  • Piotr Zmijewski

    (Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Christian Apfelbacher

    (Institute for Social Medicine and Health Economy, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Jordan M. Glenn

    (Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work as last author.)

  • Aïmen Khacharem

    (UVHC, DeVisu, Valenciennes, LIRTES-EA 7313, Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, 94000 Creteil, France
    These authors contributed equally to this work as last author.)

  • Cain C.T. Clark

    (Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
    These authors contributed equally to this work as last author.)

  • Helmi Ben Saad

    (Hôpital Farhat HACHED de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche “Insuffisance Cardiaque”, Université de Sousse, Sousse LR12SP09, Tunisie
    These authors contributed equally to this work as last author.)

  • Karim Chamari

    (ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar
    Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, (CNMSS), ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
    These authors contributed equally to this work as last author.)

  • Tarak Driss

    (Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
    These authors contributed equally to this work as last author.)

  • Anita Hoekelmann

    (Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
    These authors contributed equally to this work as last author.)

  • on behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium

    (Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany)

Abstract

Background. The COVID-19 lockdown could engender disruption to lifestyle behaviors, thus impairing mental wellbeing in the general population. This study investigated whether sociodemographic variables, changes in physical activity, and sleep quality from pre- to during lockdown were predictors of change in mental wellbeing in quarantined older adults. Methods. A 12-week international online survey was launched in 14 languages on 6 April 2020. Forty-one research institutions from Europe, Western-Asia, North-Africa, and the Americas, promoted the survey. The survey was presented in a differential format with questions related to responses “pre” and “during” the lockdown period. Participants responded to the Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results. Replies from older adults (aged >55 years, n = 517), mainly from Europe (50.1%), Western-Asia (6.8%), America (30%), and North-Africa (9.3%) were analyzed. The COVID-19 lockdown led to significantly decreased mental wellbeing, sleep quality, and total physical activity energy expenditure levels (all p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the change in total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure (F (2, 514) = 66.41 p < 0.001) were significant predictors of the decrease in mental wellbeing from pre- to during lockdown ( p < 0.001, R 2 : 0.20). Conclusion. COVID-19 lockdown deleteriously affected physical activity and sleep patterns. Furthermore, change in the total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure were significant predictors for the decrease in mental wellbeing.

Suggested Citation

  • Khaled Trabelsi & Achraf Ammar & Liwa Masmoudi & Omar Boukhris & Hamdi Chtourou & Bassem Bouaziz & Michael Brach & Ellen Bentlage & Daniella How & Mona Ahmed & Patrick Mueller & Notger Mueller & Hsen , 2021. "Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4329-:d:539204
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kunho Lee & Goo-Churl Jeong & JongEun Yim, 2020. "Consideration of the Psychological and Mental Health of the Elderly during COVID-19: A Theoretical Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-11, November.
    2. Borja Sañudo & Curtis Fennell & Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver, 2020. "Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-12, July.
    3. Ellen Bentlage & Achraf Ammar & Daniella How & Mona Ahmed & Khaled Trabelsi & Hamdi Chtourou & Michael Brach, 2020. "Practical Recommendations for Maintaining Active Lifestyle during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-22, August.
    4. Yuta Suzuki & Noriaki Maeda & Daigo Hirado & Taizan Shirakawa & Yukio Urabe, 2020. "Physical Activity Changes and Its Risk Factors among Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults during the COVID-19 Epidemic: Associations with Subjective Well-Being and Health-Related Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-12, September.
    5. Achraf Ammar & Hamdi Chtourou & Omar Boukhris & Khaled Trabelsi & Liwa Masmoudi & Michael Brach & Bassem Bouaziz & Ellen Bentlage & Daniella How & Mona Ahmed & Patrick Mueller & Notger Mueller & Hsen , 2020. "COVID-19 Home Confinement Negatively Impacts Social Participation and Life Satisfaction: A Worldwide Multicenter Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, August.
    6. Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro & Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri & Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaría & Aitor Coca, 2020. "Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-10, September.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Vlad Sever Neculicioiu & Ioana Alina Colosi & Carmen Costache & Alexandra Sevastre-Berghian & Simona Clichici, 2022. "Time to Sleep?—A Review of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-22, March.
    3. Ricardo Muñoz-Cancino & Sebastian A. Rios & Marcel Goic & Manuel Graña, 2021. "Non-Intrusive Assessment of COVID-19 Lockdown Follow-Up and Impact Using Credit Card Information: Case Study in Chile," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Krzysztof Drachal & Daniel González Cortés, 2022. "Estimation of Lockdowns’ Impact on Well-Being in Selected Countries: An Application of Novel Bayesian Methods and Google Search Queries Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-24, December.
    5. Aureliusz Andrzej Kosendiak & Bartosz Adamczak & Sylwiusz Kontek & Zofia Kuźnik & Michał Roman & Michał Gostkowski & Arkadiusz Niedziółka, 2023. "Level of Physical Activity, Sleep Quality and Use of Personal Protective Equipment of Students at Wroclaw Medical University during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-28, January.
    6. Kathrin Wunsch & Korbinian Kienberger & Claudia Niessner, 2022. "Changes in Physical Activity Patterns Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-48, February.
    7. Euripedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves Gomide & Lisa Fernanda Mazzonetto & Jéssica Fernanda Corrêa Cordeiro & Daniella Corrêa Cordeiro & Alcivandro de Sousa Oliveira & Evandro Marianetti Fioco & Ana Claudia R, 2022. "Being Physically Active Leads to Better Recovery Prognosis for People Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-13, November.

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