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Item Reduction, Psychometric and Biometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Body Perception Questionnaire—Short Form (BPQ-SF): The BPQ-22

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  • Andrea Poli

    (Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
    Verdi Clinical Center, 59100 Prato, Italy
    Florence Cognitive School, 50144 Florence, Italy)

  • Angelo Giovanni Icro Maremmani

    (Department of Psychiatry, North-Western Tuscany Region NHS Local Health Unit, Versilia Zone, 55049 Viareggio, Italy
    Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Italy
    G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Carlo Chiorri

    (Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genova, 16121 Genova, Italy)

  • Gian-Paolo Mazzoni

    (Florence Cognitive School, 50144 Florence, Italy)

  • Graziella Orrù

    (Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Jacek Kolacz

    (Traumatic Stress Research Consortium at the Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA)

  • Stephen W. Porges

    (Traumatic Stress Research Consortium at the Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
    Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA)

  • Ciro Conversano

    (Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Angelo Gemignani

    (Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Mario Miccoli

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

Body awareness disorders and reactivity are mentioned across a range of clinical problems. Constitutional differences in the control of the bodily state are thought to generate a vulnerability to psychological symptoms. Autonomic nervous system dysfunctions have been associated with anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Though interoception may be a transdiagnostic mechanism promoting the improvement of clinical symptomatology, few psychometrically sound, symptom-independent, self-report measures, informed by brain–body circuits, are available for research and clinical use. We validated the Italian version of the body perception questionnaire (BPQ)—short form and found that response categories could be collapsed from five to three and that the questionnaire retained a three-factor structure with items reduced from 46 to 22 (BPQ-22). The first factor was loaded by body awareness items; the second factor comprised some items from the body awareness scale and some from the subdiaphragmatic reactivity scale (but all related to bloating and digestive issues), and the third factor by supradiaphragmatic reactivity items. The BPQ-22 had sound psychometric properties, good convergent and discriminant validity and test–retest reliability and could be used in clinical and research settings in which the body perception assessment is of interest. Psychometric findings in light of the polyvagal theory are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Poli & Angelo Giovanni Icro Maremmani & Carlo Chiorri & Gian-Paolo Mazzoni & Graziella Orrù & Jacek Kolacz & Stephen W. Porges & Ciro Conversano & Angelo Gemignani & Mario Miccoli, 2021. "Item Reduction, Psychometric and Biometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Body Perception Questionnaire—Short Form (BPQ-SF): The BPQ-22," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3835-:d:531038
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Bengt Muthén & David Kaplan & Michael Hollis, 1987. "On structural equation modeling with data that are not missing completely at random," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 52(3), pages 431-462, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrea Poli & Angelo Gemignani & Mario Miccoli, 2022. "Randomized Trial on the Effects of a Group EMDR Intervention on Narrative Complexity and Specificity of Autobiographical Memories: A Path Analytic and Supervised Machine-Learning Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-18, June.
    2. Andrea Poli & Angelo Gemignani & Federico Soldani & Mario Miccoli, 2021. "A Systematic Review of a Polyvagal Perspective on Embodied Contemplative Practices as Promoters of Cardiorespiratory Coupling and Traumatic Stress Recovery for PTSD and OCD: Research Methodologies and," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Andrea Poli & Mario Miccoli, 2023. "Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Unconditional Self-Kindness Scale (USKS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-14, May.

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