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Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Variables: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Workers in a Spanish Tertiary Hospital

Author

Listed:
  • Mónica Leira-Sanmartín

    (Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain)

  • Agustín Madoz-Gúrpide

    (Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
    Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain)

  • Enriqueta Ochoa-Mangado

    (Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
    Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ángela Ibáñez

    (Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
    Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain
    Network Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Introduction: We intend to objectify the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the workers of a tertiary hospital. Methods: All the workers were invited to an online survey. In total, 657 workers were recruited, including 536 healthcare workers (HCWs) and 121 non-healthcare workers (nHCWs). General Health Questionnaire-12 items (GHQ-12) was used as a screening tool. Sociodemographic data, working environmental conditions, and health behaviors were also analyzed. Results: inadequate sleep, poor nutritional and social interaction habits, misuse of psychotropics, female gender, COVID-19 clinical diagnosis, and losing a relative by COVID-19 were variables associated with higher probability of GHQ-12 positive screening. Significant differences between “frontline workers” and the rest were not found, nor was higher the probability of psychological distress in healthcare workers compared to non-healthcare workers. After 3 months from the peak of the pandemic, 63.6% of participants screening positive in GHQ-12 reported remaining “the same or worse.” Limitations: Causal inferences cannot be established. Retrieval and selection biases must be considered as the survey was not conducted during the peak of the outbreak. Conclusions: psychological impact of COVID-19 has been broad, heavy, and persistent in our institution. Proper assessment and treatment must be offered to all hospital workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Mónica Leira-Sanmartín & Agustín Madoz-Gúrpide & Enriqueta Ochoa-Mangado & Ángela Ibáñez, 2021. "Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Variables: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Workers in a Spanish Tertiary Hospital," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-10, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3608-:d:527150
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Kavita Batra & Tejinder Pal Singh & Manoj Sharma & Ravi Batra & Nena Schvaneveldt, 2020. "Investigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-33, December.
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