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COVID-19 Vaccination and Mental Stress within Diverse Sociodemographic Groups

Author

Listed:
  • Wasiq Khan

    (School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK)

  • Bilal M. Khan

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA)

  • Salwa Yasen

    (The Hollies Family Surgery, 10 Elbow Lane, Formby, Liverpool L37 4AF, UK)

  • Ahmed Al-Dahiri

    (Norwood Surgery, Norwood Ave., Southport PR9 7EG, UK)

  • Dhiya Al-Jumeily

    (School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK)

  • Khalil Dajani

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA)

  • Abir Hussain

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

Abstract

In this study, we surveyed 635 participants to determine: (a) major causes of mental stress during the pandemic and its future impacts, and (b) diversity in public perception of the COVID-19 vaccination and its acceptance (specifically for children). Statistical results and intelligent clustering outcomes indicate significant associations between sociodemographic diversity, mental stress causes, and vaccination perception. For instance, statistical results indicate significant dependence between gender (we will use term ‘sex’ in the rest of the manuscript) and mental stress due to COVID-19 infection ( p = 1.7 × 10 −5 ). Over 25% of males indicated work-related stress compared to 35% in females, however, females indicated that they were more stressed (17%) due to relationships compared to males (12%). Around 30% of Asian/Arabic participants do not feel that the vaccination is safe as compared to 8% of white British and 22% of white Europeans, indicating significant dependence ( p = 1.8 × 10 −8 ) with ethnicity. More specifically, vaccination acceptance for children is significantly dependent with ethnicity ( p = 3.7 × 10 −5 ) where only 47% participants show willingness towards children’s vaccination. The primary dataset in this study along with experimental outcomes identifying sociodemographic information diversity with respect to public perception and acceptance of vaccination in children and potential stress factors might be useful for the public and policymakers to help them be better prepared for future epidemics, as well as working globally to combat mental health issues.

Suggested Citation

  • Wasiq Khan & Bilal M. Khan & Salwa Yasen & Ahmed Al-Dahiri & Dhiya Al-Jumeily & Khalil Dajani & Abir Hussain, 2022. "COVID-19 Vaccination and Mental Stress within Diverse Sociodemographic Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12932-:d:937478
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sarah Dryhurst & Claudia R. Schneider & John Kerr & Alexandra L. J. Freeman & Gabriel Recchia & Anne Marthe van der Bles & David Spiegelhalter & Sander van der Linden, 2020. "Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(7-8), pages 994-1006, August.
    2. Rana Saeed Al-Maroof & Khadija Alhumaid & Iman Akour & Said Salloum, 2021. "Factors That Affect E-Learning Platforms after the Spread of COVID-19: Post Acceptance Study," Data, MDPI, vol. 6(5), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
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    1. Sophie Mitra & Chan Shen & Jahnavi Pinnamraju & R. Constance Wiener & Hao Wang & Mona Pathak & Patricia A. Findley & Usha Sambamoorthi, 2024. "Stress Due to Inflation: Changes over Time, Correlates, and Coping Strategies among Working-Age Adults in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(2), pages 1-16, January.

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