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Systematic Review of Human Poisoning and Toxic Exposures in Myanmar

Author

Listed:
  • Meghan A. Cook

    (Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK)

  • Pardeep S. Jagpal

    (National Poisons Information Service, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK)

  • Khin Hnin Pwint

    (National Poisons Control Centre, Department of Medical Research, Yangon 11191, Myanmar)

  • Lai Lai San

    (National Poisons Control Centre, Department of Medical Research, Yangon 11191, Myanmar)

  • Saint Saint Kyaw Thein

    (National Poisons Control Centre, Department of Medical Research, Yangon 11191, Myanmar)

  • Thidar Pyone

    (Global Public Health, Public Health England, London SE1 8UG, UK)

  • Win Moh Moh Thit

    (Global Public Health, Public Health England, P.O. Box 638, Yangon, Myanmar)

  • Sally M. Bradberry

    (National Poisons Information Service, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK)

  • Samuel Collins

    (Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK)

Abstract

The International Health Regulations (2005) promote national capacity in core institutions so that countries can better detect, respond to and recover from public health emergencies. In accordance with the ‘all hazards’ approach to public health risk, this systematic review examines poisoning and toxic exposures in Myanmar. A systematic literature search was undertaken to find articles pertaining to poisoning in Myanmar published between 1998 and 2020. A number of poisoning risks are identified in this review, including snakebites, heavy metals, drugs of abuse, agrochemicals and traditional medicine. Patterns of poisoning presented in the literature diverge from poisoning priorities reported in other lower-middle income countries in the region. The experience of professionals working in a Yangon-based poison treatment unit also indicate that frequently observed poisoning as a result of pharmaceuticals, methanol, and petroleum products was absent from the literature. Other notable gaps in the available research include assessments of the public health burden of poisoning through self-harm, household exposures to chemicals, paediatric risk and women’s occupational risk of poisoning. There is a limited amount of research available on poisoning outcomes and routes of exposure in Myanmar. Further investigation and research are warranted to provide a more complete assessment of poisoning risk and incidence.

Suggested Citation

  • Meghan A. Cook & Pardeep S. Jagpal & Khin Hnin Pwint & Lai Lai San & Saint Saint Kyaw Thein & Thidar Pyone & Win Moh Moh Thit & Sally M. Bradberry & Samuel Collins, 2021. "Systematic Review of Human Poisoning and Toxic Exposures in Myanmar," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3576-:d:526784
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Kyi Mar Wai & Ohn Mar & Satoko Kosaka & Mitsutoshi Umemura & Chiho Watanabe, 2017. "Prenatal Heavy Metal Exposure and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Myanmar: A Birth-Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Robert C. MacTavish & Liam W. Rémillard & Colleen M. Davison, 2018. "Environmental Lead Exposure and Adult Literacy in Myanmar: An Exploratory Study of Potential Associations at the Township Level," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-12, May.
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    Keywords

    poisoning; toxic; Myanmar;
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