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A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Cycling to School in Adolescents: The PACO Study

Author

Listed:
  • Palma Chillón

    (PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Patricia Gálvez-Fernández

    (PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado

    (“La Inmaculada” Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, 18013 Granada, Spain)

  • Manuel Herrador-Colmenero

    (PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
    “La Inmaculada” Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, 18013 Granada, Spain)

  • Yaira Barranco-Ruiz

    (PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain)

  • Emilio Villa-González

    (PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain)

  • María Jesús Aranda-Balboa

    (PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain)

  • Romina Gisele Saucedo-Araujo

    (PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain)

  • Pablo Campos-Garzón

    (PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain)

  • Daniel Molina-Soberanes

    (Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

  • José Manuel Segura-Díaz

    (PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain)

  • Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez

    (IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2374631 Valparaíso, Chile)

  • Amador Jesús Lara-Sánchez

    (Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Ana Queralt

    (AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Javier Molina-García

    (AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

  • Enrique García Bengoechea

    (Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland)

  • Sandra Mandic

    (School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand)

Abstract

This manuscript describes the rationale and protocol of a school-based randomized controlled trial called “Cycling and Walk to School” (PACO, by its Spanish acronym) that aims to promote cycling to and from school and physical activity (PA) in adolescents. This study will examine the effects of this intervention in cycling and active commuting to and from school (ACS), PA and several ACS-related factors based on self-determination theory (SDT) and a social-ecological model (SEM). A total of 360 adolescents attending six high schools (three experimental and three control) from three Spanish cities will participate in this randomized controlled trial. The intervention (four cycling sessions; 1–2 h per session, one session per week) will be conducted by the research staff; the control group will continue their usual activities. PA levels will be measured by accelerometers, whereas ACS and the other study variables will be self-reported using questionnaires at baseline and post-intervention. The primary outcomes will be: rates of cycling to school, ACS and PA levels. In addition, SDT-related variables and individual, interpersonal, community, and environment variables relevant to ACS will be based on SEM. The findings will provide a comprehensive understanding of the short-term effects of this school-based intervention on cycling to school behaviour, ACS and PA levels in Spanish adolescents.

Suggested Citation

  • Palma Chillón & Patricia Gálvez-Fernández & Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado & Manuel Herrador-Colmenero & Yaira Barranco-Ruiz & Emilio Villa-González & María Jesús Aranda-Balboa & Romina Gisele Sauce, 2021. "A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Cycling to School in Adolescents: The PACO Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:2066-:d:502665
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Patricia Gálvez-Fernández & Manuel Herrador-Colmenero & Pablo Campos-Garzón & Daniel Molina-Soberanes & Romina Gisele Saucedo-Araujo & María Jesús Aranda-Balboa & Amador Jesús Lara-Sánchez & Víctor Se, 2022. "Convergent Validation of a Self-Reported Commuting to and from School Diary in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. María Jesús Aranda-Balboa & Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado & Patricia Gálvez-Fernández & Romina Saucedo-Araujo & Daniel Molina-Soberanes & Pablo Campos-Garzón & Manuel Herrador-Colmenero & Amador Je, 2022. "The Effect of a School-Based Intervention on Children’s Cycling Knowledge, Mode of Commuting and Perceived Barriers: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Nuno Loureiro & Vânia Loureiro & Alberto Grao-Cruces & João Martins & Margarida Gaspar de Matos, 2022. "Correlates of Active Commuting to School among Portuguese Adolescents: An Ecological Model Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-10, February.
    4. Byron Tibbitts & Kathryn Willis & Tom Reid & Simon J. Sebire & Rona Campbell & Ruth R. Kipping & Rebecca Kandiyali & Russell Jago, 2021. "Considerations for Individual-Level Versus Whole-School Physical Activity Interventions: Stakeholder Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-15, July.

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