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Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Eun Young Lee

    (Department of Nursing, Kkottongnae University, Cheongju 28211, Korea)

  • Jungsoon Choi

    (Department of Mathematics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
    Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea)

  • Sugie Lee

    (Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea)

  • Bo Youl Choi

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea)

Abstract

This study assesses the association between the objectively measured built environment and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 50,741 adults from the Korean Community Health Survey. The CVD outcomes of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) or angina were derived from self-reported histories of physician diagnoses. Using ArcGIS software and Korean government databases, this study measured the built environment variables for the 546 administrative areas of Gyeonggi province. A Bayesian spatial multilevel model was performed independently in two age groups (i.e., 40–59 years or ≥60 years). After adjusting for statistical significant individual- and community-level factors with the spatial associations, living far from public transit was associated with an increase in the odds of MI or angina in middle-aged adults, while living in neighborhoods in which fast-food restaurants were concentrated was associated with a decrease in the odds of hypertension and stroke. For adults 60 or older, living farther from public physical-activity (PA) facilities was associated with a 15% increased odds for dyslipidemia, compared with living in neighborhoods nearer to PA facilities. These findings suggest that creating a built environment that provides more opportunities to engage in PA in everyday life should be considered a strategy to reduce the prevalence of CVD.

Suggested Citation

  • Eun Young Lee & Jungsoon Choi & Sugie Lee & Bo Youl Choi, 2021. "Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1861-:d:499343
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiaoquan Wang & Chunfu Shao & Chaoying Yin & Chengxiang Zhuge, 2018. "Exploring the Influence of Built Environment on Car Ownership and Use with a Spatial Multilevel Model: A Case Study of Changchun, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Sune Djurhuus & Henning S. Hansen & Mette Aadahl & Charlotte Glümer, 2014. "The Association between Access to Public Transportation and Self-Reported Active Commuting," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Guglielmo Bonaccorsi & Federico Manzi & Marco Del Riccio & Nicoletta Setola & Eletta Naldi & Chiara Milani & Duccio Giorgetti & Claudia Dellisanti & Chiara Lorini, 2020. "Impact of the Built Environment and the Neighborhood in Promoting the Physical Activity and the Healthy Aging in Older People: An Umbrella Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-27, August.
    4. Eun Young Lee & Sugie Lee & Bo Youl Choi & Jungsoon Choi, 2019. "Influence of Neighborhood Environment on Korean Adult Obesity Using a Bayesian Spatial Multilevel Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-15, October.
    5. David J. Spiegelhalter & Nicola G. Best & Bradley P. Carlin & Angelika Van Der Linde, 2002. "Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 64(4), pages 583-639, October.
    6. Tashi Dendup & Xiaoqi Feng & Stephanie Clingan & Thomas Astell-Burt, 2018. "Environmental Risk Factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-25, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chengcheng Liu & Yao Li & Jing Li & Chenggang Jin & Deping Zhong, 2022. "The Effect of Psychological Burden on Dyslipidemia Moderated by Greenness: A Nationwide Study from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-16, November.

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