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Is Empowerment of Female Radiologists Still Needed? Findings of a Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Giulia Fichera

    (Department of Medicine–DIMED, Institute of Radiology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
    These authors equally contributed and should be considered as co-first authors.)

  • Isolde Martina Busch

    (Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
    These authors equally contributed and should be considered as co-first authors.)

  • Michela Rimondini

    (Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy)

  • Raffaella Motta

    (Department of Medicine–DIMED, Institute of Radiology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy)

  • Chiara Giraudo

    (Department of Medicine–DIMED, Institute of Radiology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

Considering that radiology is still a male-dominated specialty in which men make up more than two thirds of the workforce, this systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current role of women in radiological imaging, focusing on the main aspects such as career progression, leadership, academic practice, and perceived discrimination. Three electronic databases were searched up to 21 October 2020. To identify additional records, weekly automatic email alerts were set up on PubMed until December 2020 and reference lists of key studies and included papers were screened. Two reviewers independently performed the search, study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction, and formal narrative synthesis. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer was involved. Across the 61 included articles, women worked more often part-time and held fewer positions of power in hospitals, on editorial boards, and at the academic level (associate and full professors). Women were less often in relevant positions in scientific articles, had fewer publications, and had a lower H-index. Discrimination and sexual harassment were experienced by up to 40% and 47% of female radiologists, respectively. Our study highlights that women in radiology are still underrepresented and play a marginal role in the field, struggling to reach top and leading positions.

Suggested Citation

  • Giulia Fichera & Isolde Martina Busch & Michela Rimondini & Raffaella Motta & Chiara Giraudo, 2021. "Is Empowerment of Female Radiologists Still Needed? Findings of a Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1542-:d:494473
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ho Fai Chan & Benno Torgler, 2020. "Gender differences in performance of top cited scientists by field and country," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 125(3), pages 2421-2447, December.
    2. Ann Boulis, 2004. "The Evolution of Gender and Motherhood in Contemporary Medicine," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 596(1), pages 172-206, November.
    3. Tove Faber Frandsen & Rasmus Højbjerg Jacobsen & Jakob Ousager, 2020. "Gender gaps in scientific performance: a longitudinal matching study of health sciences researchers," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 124(2), pages 1511-1527, August.
    4. Ann Boulis, 2004. "The Evolution of Gender and Motherhood in Contemporary Medicine," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 596(1), pages 259-261, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Isolde Martina Busch & Michela Rimondini, 2021. "Empowering Patients and Supporting Health Care Providers—New Avenues for High Quality Care and Safety," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-5, September.

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