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Anxiety and Panic Buying Behaviour during COVID-19 Pandemic—A Qualitative Analysis of Toilet Paper Hoarding Contents on Twitter

Author

Listed:
  • Janni Leung

    (National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
    School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Jack Yiu Chak Chung

    (National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
    School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Calvert Tisdale

    (National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
    School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Vivian Chiu

    (National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
    School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Carmen C. W. Lim

    (National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
    School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Gary Chan

    (National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia)

Abstract

Background : The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had increased population-level anxiety and had elicited panic buying behaviour across the world. The over-hoarding of toilet paper has received a lot of negative public attention. In this work, we used Twitter data to qualitatively analyse tweets related to panic buying of toilet paper during the crisis. Methods : A total of 255,171 tweets were collected. Of these 4081 met our inclusion criteria and 100 tweets were randomly selected to develop a coding scheme in the initial phase. Random samples of tweets in folds of 100 were then qualitatively analysed in the focused coding phase until saturation was met at 500 tweets analysed. Results : Five key themes emerged: (1) humour or sarcasm, (2) marketing or profiteering, (3) opinion and emotions, (4) personal experience, and (5) support or information. About half of the tweets carried negative sentiments, expressing anger or frustration towards the deficiency of toilet paper and the frantic situation of toilet paper hoarding, which were among the most influential tweets. Discussion : Panic buying of toilet paper was seen during the 2020 pandemic period with a mass amount of related content spread across social media. The spontaneous contagion of fear and panic through social media could fuel psychological reactions in midst of crises. The high level of negative social media posts regarding the toilet paper crisis acts as an emotional trigger of public anxiety and panic. Conclusions : Social media data can provide rapid infodemiology of public mental health. In a pandemic or crisis situation, real-time data could be monitored and content-analysed for authorities to promptly address public concerns.

Suggested Citation

  • Janni Leung & Jack Yiu Chak Chung & Calvert Tisdale & Vivian Chiu & Carmen C. W. Lim & Gary Chan, 2021. "Anxiety and Panic Buying Behaviour during COVID-19 Pandemic—A Qualitative Analysis of Toilet Paper Hoarding Contents on Twitter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1127-:d:488228
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cynthia Chew & Gunther Eysenbach, 2010. "Pandemics in the Age of Twitter: Content Analysis of Tweets during the 2009 H1N1 Outbreak," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(11), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Kirk, Colleen P. & Rifkin, Laura S., 2020. "I'll trade you diamonds for toilet paper: Consumer reacting, coping and adapting behaviors in the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 124-131.
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    2. Olivia H. Tousignant & Sarah W. Hopkins & Abigail M. Stark & Gary D. Fireman, 2021. "Psychological Wellbeing, Worry, and Resilience-Based Coping during COVID-19 in Relation to Sleep Quality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Guohua He & Zirun Hu, 2022. "A Model of Panic Buying and Workforce under COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Chen, Tinggui & Jin, Yumei & Yang, Jianjun & Cong, Guodong, 2022. "Identifying emergence process of group panic buying behavior under the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
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    6. Teyl Engstrom & Dolly O. Baliunas & Benjamin P. Sly & Anthony W. Russell & Peter J. Donovan & Heike K. Krausse & Clair M. Sullivan & Jason D. Pole, 2021. "Toilet Paper, Minced Meat and Diabetes Medicines: Australian Panic Buying Induced by COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-9, June.
    7. Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan & Yoshihiko Kadoya, 2023. "Who Became Victims of Financial Frauds during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    8. Hao Chen & Alvin Lim, 2024. "The weakening pricing power of major brand over private label grocery products: evidence from a Dutch retailer," Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(5), pages 396-405, October.
    9. Roland W. Scholz & Gerald Steiner, 2022. "The role of transdisciplinarity for mineral economics and mineral resource management: coping with fallacies related to phosphorus in science and practice," Mineral Economics, Springer;Raw Materials Group (RMG);Luleå University of Technology, vol. 35(3), pages 745-763, December.
    10. Jesús Tomás Monge Moreno & Manuel Monge, 2023. "Consumer Sentiment in the United States and the Impact of Mental Disorders on Consumer Behavior—Time Trends and Persistence Analysis," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-10, July.

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