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Positive Psychology in Times of Pandemic—Time Perspective as a Moderator of the Relationship between Resilience and Meaning in Life

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  • Agnieszka Lasota

    (Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Krakow, Poland)

  • Justyna Mróz

    (Department of Psychology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-029 Kielce, Poland)

Abstract

Resilience and meaning in life are significant indicators of psychological well-being and health, which are particularly important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, they have been explored by a growing number of scientists. There has been a research gap, however, that fails to show that time perspectives also have a significant impact on the perception and building of different life aspects. The current study investigated the associations between resilience, time perspectives and meaning in life and examined the moderating role of time perspective in the relationship between resilience and meaning in life. Methods: Participants of this cross-sectional study were 363 adults aged 18-70. Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25), the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), and the Purpose in Life Questionnaire (PIL) were used. Results: The findings confirmed a positive relationship between resilience, meaning in life, and positive time perspectives (Present Hedonistic and Future) and a negative link with Past Negative and Present Fatalistic perspectives. The linear regression analyses showed that Past Negative and Past Positive perspectives significantly moderated the relationship between resilience and meaning in life. The moderating effect was also confirmed in the case of past time perspectives only. Conclusions: The findings indicate the relevance of positive resources, such as resilience and positive perception of the past, in keeping the meaning in life. Understanding the effect of psychological strengths in the context of the pandemic time can be a key to providing intervention and therapeutic services fostering mental health and well-being.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Lasota & Justyna Mróz, 2021. "Positive Psychology in Times of Pandemic—Time Perspective as a Moderator of the Relationship between Resilience and Meaning in Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13340-:d:705484
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maciej Stolarski & Gerald Matthews & Sławomir Postek & Philip Zimbardo & Joanna Bitner, 2014. "How We Feel is a Matter of Time: Relationships Between Time Perspectives and Mood," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 809-827, August.
    2. Aneta Przepiorka & Malgorzata Sobol-Kwapinska, 2021. "People with Positive Time Perspective are More Grateful and Happier: Gratitude Mediates the Relationship Between Time Perspective and Life Satisfaction," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 113-126, January.
    3. Fiorenzo Laghi & Maria D’Alessio & Susanna Pallini & Roberto Baiocco, 2009. "Attachment Representations and Time Perspective in Adolescence," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 90(2), pages 181-194, January.
    4. Sandra Sefidan & Maria Pramstaller & Roberto La Marca & Thomas Wyss & Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani & Hubert Annen & Serge Brand, 2021. "Resilience as a Protective Factor in Basic Military Training, a Longitudinal Study of the Swiss Armed Forces," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
    5. Frank Martela & Richard M. Ryan & Michael F. Steger, 2018. "Meaningfulness as Satisfaction of Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness, and Beneficence: Comparing the Four Satisfactions and Positive Affect as Predictors of Meaning in Life," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(5), pages 1261-1282, June.
    6. Ian C. Fischer & Ekin Secinti & Zeynep Cemalcilar & Kevin L. Rand, 2021. "Examining Cross-Cultural Relationships Between Meaning in Life and Psychological Well-Being in Turkey and the United States," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1341-1358, March.
    7. Shipp, Abbie J. & Edwards, Jeffrey R. & Lambert, Lisa Schurer, 2009. "Conceptualization and measurement of temporal focus: The subjective experience of the past, present, and future," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 110(1), pages 1-22, September.
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