IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i24p13220-d703356.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Explaining Neighbourhood Variations in the Incidence of Dengue Fever in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Ibrahim Alkhaldy

    (Department of Administrative and Human Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ross Barnett

    (School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand)

Abstract

The rapid growth and development of cities is a contributing factor to the rise and persistence of dengue fever (DF) in many areas around the world. Many studies have examined how neighbourhood environmental conditions contribute to dengue fever and its spread, but have not paid enough attention to links between socio-economic conditions and other factors, including population composition, population density, the presence of migrant groups, and neighbourhood environmental conditions. This study examines DF and its distribution across 56 neighbourhoods of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, where the incidence of dengue remains high. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis it focuses on the key ecological correlates of DF from 2006-2009, the years of the initial outbreak. Neighbourhood variations in average case rates per 10,000 population (2006–2009) were largely predicted by the Saudi gender ratio and socio-economic status (SES), the respective beta coefficients being 0.56 and 0.32 ( p < 0.001). Overall, 77.1% of cases occurred in the poorest neighbourhoods. SES effects, however, are complex and were partly mediated by neighbourhood population density and the presence of migrant groups. SES effects persisted after controls for both factors, suggesting the effect of other structural factors and reflecting a lack of DF awareness and the lack of vector control strategies in poorer neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood environmental conditions, as measured by the presence of surface water, were not significant. It is suggested that future research pay more attention to the different pathways that link neighbourhood social status to dengue and wider health outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Ibrahim Alkhaldy & Ross Barnett, 2021. "Explaining Neighbourhood Variations in the Incidence of Dengue Fever in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-15, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13220-:d:703356
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/24/13220/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/24/13220/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shannon L. LaDeau & Paul T. Leisnham & Dawn Biehler & Danielle Bodner, 2013. "Higher Mosquito Production in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding Ecological Drivers and Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk in Temperate Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Bin Chen & Jun Yang & Lei Luo & Zhicong Yang & Qiyong Liu, 2016. "Who Is Vulnerable to Dengue Fever? A Community Survey of the 2014 Outbreak in Guangzhou, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Ibrahim Alkhaldy & Pauline Barnett, 2021. "Evaluation of Neighborhood Socio-Economic Status, as Measured by the Delphi Method, on Dengue Fever Distribution in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Mariana Kikuti & Geraldo M Cunha & Igor A D Paploski & Amelia M Kasper & Monaise M O Silva & Aline S Tavares & Jaqueline S Cruz & Tássia L Queiroz & Moreno S Rodrigues & Perla M Santana & Helena C A V, 2015. "Spatial Distribution of Dengue in a Brazilian Urban Slum Setting: Role of Socioeconomic Gradient in Disease Risk," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(7), pages 1-18, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Adivânia Cardoso da Silva & Paulo Sérgio Scalize, 2023. "Environmental Variables Related to Aedes aegypti Breeding Spots and the Occurrence of Arbovirus Diseases," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-21, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rebeca de Jesús Crespo & Madison Harrison & Rachel Rogers & Randy Vaeth, 2021. "Mosquito Vector Production across Socio-Economic Divides in Baton Rouge, Louisiana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-11, February.
    2. Ari Whiteman & Eric Delmelle & Tyler Rapp & Shi Chen & Gang Chen & Michael Dulin, 2018. "A Novel Sampling Method to Measure Socioeconomic Drivers of Aedes albopictus Distribution in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Sumaira Zafar & Oleg Shipin & Richard E. Paul & Joacim Rocklöv & Ubydul Haque & Md. Siddikur Rahman & Mayfong Mayxay & Chamsai Pientong & Sirinart Aromseree & Petchaboon Poolphol & Tiengkham Pongvongs, 2021. "Development and Comparison of Dengue Vulnerability Indices Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Lao PDR and Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-25, September.
    4. Rebeca de Jesús Crespo & Rachel Elba Rogers, 2021. "Habitat Segregation Patterns of Container Breeding Mosquitos: The Role of Urban Heat Islands, Vegetation Cover, and Income Disparity in Cemeteries of New Orleans," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-16, December.
    5. Bertrand Lefebvre & Rojina Karki & Renaud Misslin & Kanchana Nakhapakorn & Eric Daudé & Richard E. Paul, 2022. "Importance of Public Transport Networks for Reconciling the Spatial Distribution of Dengue and the Association of Socio-Economic Factors with Dengue Risk in Bangkok, Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-23, August.
    6. Von Ralph Dane M. Herbuela & Ferdinand S. de Guzman & Girly D. Sobrepeña & Andrew Benedict F. Claudio & Angelica Cecilia V. Tomas & Carmina M. Arriola-delos Reyes & Rachele A. Regalado & Mariama M. Te, 2019. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Dengue Fever among Pediatric and Adult In-Patients in Metro Manila, Philippines," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-15, November.
    7. Adriana Manna & Júlia Koltai & Márton Karsai, 2024. "Importance of social inequalities to contact patterns, vaccine uptake, and epidemic dynamics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    8. Brian Becker & Paul T. Leisnham & Shannon L. LaDeau, 2014. "A Tale of Two City Blocks: Differences in Immature and Adult Mosquito Abundances between Socioeconomically Different Urban Blocks in Baltimore (Maryland, USA)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-15, March.
    9. Hussein Khalil & Roberta Santana & Daiana de Oliveira & Fabiana Palma & Ricardo Lustosa & Max T Eyre & Ticiana Carvalho-Pereira & Mitermayer G Reis & Albert I Ko & Peter J Diggle & Yeimi Alzate Lopez , 2021. "Poverty, sanitation, and Leptospira transmission pathways in residents from four Brazilian slums," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-15, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13220-:d:703356. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.