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Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan

Author

Listed:
  • Hiroshi Yamaguchi

    (Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan)

  • Kandai Nozu

    (Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan)

  • Shinya Ishiko

    (Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan)

  • Atsushi Kondo

    (Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan)

  • Takeshi Ninchoji

    (Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan)

  • China Nagano

    (Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan)

  • Hiroki Takeda

    (Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan)

  • Ai Unzaki

    (Kobe Children’s Primary Emergency Medical Center, 1-4-1 Wakihamakaigandori, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0073, Japan)

  • Kazuto Ishibashi

    (Kobe Children’s Primary Emergency Medical Center, 1-4-1 Wakihamakaigandori, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0073, Japan)

  • Ichiro Morioka

    (Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku 173-8610, Japan)

  • Hiroaki Nagase

    (Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan)

  • Kazumoto Iijima

    (Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan)

  • Akihito Ishida

    (Kobe Children’s Primary Emergency Medical Center, 1-4-1 Wakihamakaigandori, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0073, Japan)

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic altered environmental factors. We studied the impact of these changes on asthma exacerbation (AE) by comparing the AE-related environmental factors between COVID-19 (2020) and pre-COVID-19 (2011–2019) eras. Between 2011 and 2020, 278,465 children (<16 years old) visited our emergency department, and 7476 were diagnosed with AE. The number of patients showed spring and fall peaks in 2011–2019. Multivariate analyses showed significant positive relationships of the number of AE patients with the average temperature among all patients and 0–5-year-olds and with sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) levels in 2011–2019 among 0–5-year-olds. Although the spring peak in the number of patients was not observed in 2020 after declaration of a state of emergency, the fall peak was again observed after the state of emergency was lifted. No changes in average temperature were detected, but SO 2 was significantly reduced following declaration of the state of emergency in 2020. Therefore, SO 2 reduction might have contributed to the disappearance of the peak of AE. However, a fall peak was observed again in 2020, although SO 2 levels continued to be low. These data suggest that person to person interaction seems to be associated with AE, presumably due to unknown viral infections.

Suggested Citation

  • Hiroshi Yamaguchi & Kandai Nozu & Shinya Ishiko & Atsushi Kondo & Takeshi Ninchoji & China Nagano & Hiroki Takeda & Ai Unzaki & Kazuto Ishibashi & Ichiro Morioka & Hiroaki Nagase & Kazumoto Iijima & A, 2021. "Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11407-:d:668318
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ching-Yen Kuo & Chin-Kan Chan & Chiung-Yi Wu & Dinh-Van Phan & Chien-Lung Chan, 2019. "The Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollutants on Childhood Asthma Hospitalization in Taiwan: A National Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Louis-Francois Tétreault & Marieve Doucet & Philippe Gamache & Michel Fournier & Allan Brand & Tom Kosatsky & Audrey Smargiassi, 2016. "Severe and Moderate Asthma Exacerbations in Asthmatic Children and Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-12, August.
    3. Pablo Orellano & Nancy Quaranta & Julieta Reynoso & Brenda Balbi & Julia Vasquez, 2017. "Effect of outdoor air pollution on asthma exacerbations in children and adults: Systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(3), pages 1-15, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jinyi Wang & Dapeng Yin & Guoxing Li & Tianqi Wang & Yanli Zhang & Hui Gan & Jinfang Sun, 2022. "Impacts of COVID-19 Prevention and Control Measures on Asthma-Related Hospital and Outpatient Visits in Yichang, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-10, October.
    2. Nur Sabrina Idrose & Jingwen Zhang & Caroline J. Lodge & Bircan Erbas & Jo A. Douglass & Dinh S. Bui & Shyamali C. Dharmage, 2023. "A Review of the Role of Pollen in COVID-19 Infection," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-9, May.

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