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Epidemiological Study of Violence against Children and Its Increase during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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  • Stela Maria Tavolieri de Oliveira

    (Pediatric Department, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil
    Pediatric Emergency Service Manager, University Hospital, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13207-450, Brazil)

  • Ewerton Alexandre Galdeano

    (Pediatric Department, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil)

  • Evelynne Maria Gomes Galvão da Trindade

    (Pediatric Department, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil)

  • Rafael Saad Fernandez

    (Research Center, Sírio-Libanês Teaching and Research Institute, São Paulo 01308-060, Brazil)

  • Rogerio Leone Buchaim

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
    Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil)

  • Daniela Vieira Buchaim

    (Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil
    Department of Human Anatomy and Neuroanatomy, Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UniFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil)

  • Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha

    (Morphology Department, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil)

  • Saulo Duarte Passos

    (Pediatric Department, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological profiles of violence against children, victims, and their aggressors, and their correlations between socioeconomic and demographic factors analyzed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective observational study based on a review of Individual Notification Forms from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, including child victims of violence, under 18 years, assisted by a pediatric emergency service in Brazil, from 2016–2020. Data were stratified, then statistical analysis was performed using the two-proportion equality test and the Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. A total of 609 notifications were analyzed and a prevalence of sexual violence (63.2%) was reported. The prevalent profile of victim was female (76.7%), aged between 2–9 years (38.1%) and 14–18 years (35.6%). The violence occurs in the victim’s home (58.9%). The prevalent profile of perpetrator was male (82.4%), young adolescent (59.2%), living as family (64%), mainly the parents (18.4%). No correlation was found between the classified socioeconomic and demographic variables and violence. There was an increase in notifications during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the same period in the previous year; self-harm was reported in 59.7% of physical violence in 2020. Prevalence of sexual violence was higher for females, aged between 2–9 and 14–18 years, victimized in their homes, by male offenders, living as family, mainly by their parents. No association was found between child violence and the socioeconomic and demographic.

Suggested Citation

  • Stela Maria Tavolieri de Oliveira & Ewerton Alexandre Galdeano & Evelynne Maria Gomes Galvão da Trindade & Rafael Saad Fernandez & Rogerio Leone Buchaim & Daniela Vieira Buchaim & Marcelo Rodrigues da, 2021. "Epidemiological Study of Violence against Children and Its Increase during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10061-:d:642666
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Enrique Gracia & Antonio López-Quílez & Miriam Marco & Marisol Lila, 2018. "Neighborhood characteristics and violence behind closed doors: The spatial overlap of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Caroline Bradbury‐Jones & Louise Isham, 2020. "The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID‐19 on domestic violence," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(13-14), pages 2047-2049, July.
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    1. Jagoda Grzejszczak & Agata Gabryelska & Agnieszka Gmitrowicz & Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak & Dominik Strzelecki, 2022. "Are Children Harmed by Being Locked up at Home? The Impact of Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Phenomenon of Domestic Violence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, October.

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