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Neighborhood characteristics and violence behind closed doors: The spatial overlap of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence

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  • Enrique Gracia
  • Antonio López-Quílez
  • Miriam Marco
  • Marisol Lila

Abstract

In this study, we analyze first whether there is a common spatial distribution of child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV), and second, whether the risks of CM and IPV are influenced by the same neighborhood characteristics, and if these risks spatially overlap. To this end we used geocoded data of CM referrals (N = 588) and IPV incidents (N = 1450) in the city of Valencia (Spain). As neighborhood proxies, we used 552 census block groups. Neighborhood characteristics analyzed at the aggregated level (census block groups) were: Neighborhood concentrated disadvantage (neighborhood economic status, neighborhood education level, and policing activity), immigrant concentration, and residential instability. A Bayesian joint modeling approach was used to examine the spatial distribution of CM and IPV, and a Bayesian random-effects modeling approach was used to analyze the influence of neighborhood-level characteristics on small-area variations of CM and IPV risks. For CM, 98% of the total between-area variation in risk was captured by a shared spatial component, while for IPV the shared component was 77%. The risks of CM and IPV were higher in neighborhoods characterized by lower levels of economic status and education, and higher levels of policing activity, immigrant concentration, and residential instability. The correlation between the log relative risk of CM and IPV was .85. Most census block groups had either low or high risks in both outcomes (with only 10.5% of the areas with mismatched risks). These results show that certain neighborhood characteristics are associated with an increase in the risk of family violence, regardless of whether this violence is against children or against intimate partners. Identifying these high-risk areas can inform a more integrated community-level response to both types of family violence. Future research should consider a community-level approach to address both types of family violence, as opposed to individual-level intervention addressing each type of violence separately.

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  • Enrique Gracia & Antonio López-Quílez & Miriam Marco & Marisol Lila, 2018. "Neighborhood characteristics and violence behind closed doors: The spatial overlap of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0198684
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198684
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leonhard Knorr‐Held & Nicola G. Best, 2001. "A shared component model for detecting joint and selective clustering of two diseases," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 164(1), pages 73-85.
    2. Hill, Terrence D. & Angel, Ronald J., 2005. "Neighborhood disorder, psychological distress, and heavy drinking," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(5), pages 965-975, September.
    3. Julian Besag & Jeremy York & Annie Mollié, 1991. "Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 43(1), pages 1-20, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lidia Puigvert & Ana Vidu & Patricia Melgar & Marifa Salceda, 2021. "BraveNet Upstander Social Network against Second Order of Sexual Harassment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Miriam Marco & Enrique Gracia & Antonio López-Quílez & Marisol Lila, 2021. "The Spatial Overlap of Police Calls Reporting Street-Level and Behind-Closed-Doors Crime: A Bayesian Modeling Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Esther Roca & Patricia Melgar & Regina Gairal-Casadó & Miguel A. Pulido-Rodríguez, 2020. "Schools That ‘Open Doors’ to Prevent Child Abuse in Confinement by COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Stela Maria Tavolieri de Oliveira & Ewerton Alexandre Galdeano & Evelynne Maria Gomes Galvão da Trindade & Rafael Saad Fernandez & Rogerio Leone Buchaim & Daniela Vieira Buchaim & Marcelo Rodrigues da, 2021. "Epidemiological Study of Violence against Children and Its Increase during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-14, September.
    5. Carol B. Cunradi & William R. Ponicki & Raul Caetano & Harrison J. Alter, 2020. "Frequency of Intimate Partner Violence among an Urban Emergency Department Sample: A Multilevel Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-14, December.

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