IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i19p10041-d642050.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Disorders. A Critical Review

Author

Listed:
  • Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
    Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
    Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain)

  • Marina Begoña Martínez-González

    (Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia)

  • Juan Camilo Benitez-Agudelo

    (Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia)

  • Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Libre, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia)

  • Ana Isabel Beltran-Velasco

    (Education Department, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28240 Madrid, Spain)

  • Pablo Ruisoto

    (Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain)

  • Esperanza Diaz Arroyo

    (Departamento de Salud, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 000802, Colombia)

  • Carmen Cecilia Laborde-Cárdenas

    (Vicerrectoría de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia)

  • Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
    Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of the worldwide population. Citizens suffer the social, economic, physiological, and psychological effects of this pandemic. Primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages were used for a consensus critical review. The method was a narrative review of the available literature to summarize the existing literature addressing mental health concerns and stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main search engines used in the present research were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. We found the pandemic has had a direct impact on psychopathologies such as anxiety, increasing its ratios, and depression. Other syndromes such as burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder have increased with the pandemic, showing a larger incidence among medical personnel. Moreover, eating disorders and violence have also increased. Public authorities must prepare healthcare systems for increasing incidences of mental pathologies. Mental health apps are one of the tools that can be used to reach the general population.

Suggested Citation

  • Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez & Marina Begoña Martínez-González & Juan Camilo Benitez-Agudelo & Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez & Ana Isabel Beltran-Velasco & Pablo Ruisoto & Esperanza Diaz Arroyo & Carmen C, 2021. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Disorders. A Critical Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-25, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10041-:d:642050
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/19/10041/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/19/10041/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Stanton & Quyen G. To & Saman Khalesi & Susan L. Williams & Stephanie J. Alley & Tanya L. Thwaite & Andrew S. Fenning & Corneel Vandelanotte, 2020. "Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Li, Jianbiao & Zhang, Yanan & Niu, Xiaofei, 2021. "The COVID-19 pandemic reduces trust behavior," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    3. Finiki Nearchou & Clodagh Flinn & Rachel Niland & Sheena Siva Subramaniam & Eilis Hennessy, 2020. "Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Berniell, Inés & Facchini, Gabriel, 2021. "COVID-19 lockdown and domestic violence: Evidence from internet-search behavior in 11 countries," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    5. Lourdes Luceño-Moreno & Beatriz Talavera-Velasco & Yolanda García-Albuerne & Jesús Martín-García, 2020. "Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-29, July.
    6. Tareq Lubbadeh, 2020. "Job Burnout: A General Literature Review," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 10(3), pages 7-15.
    7. Dong, Chuanmei & Cao, Simin & Li, Hui, 2020. "Young children’s online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    8. Edouard Mathieu & Hannah Ritchie & Esteban Ortiz-Ospina & Max Roser & Joe Hasell & Cameron Appel & Charlie Giattino & Lucas Rodés-Guirao, 2021. "A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(7), pages 947-953, July.
    9. Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez & Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez & Pablo Ruisoto & Athanasios A. Dalamitros & Ana Isabel Beltran-Velasco & Alberto Hormeño-Holgado & Carmen Cecilia Laborde-Cárdenas & Jose Fran, 2021. "Performance of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Emergency System in COVID-19 Pandemic. An Extensive Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-12, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Manuel Reiriz & Macarena Donoso-González & Benjamín Rodríguez-Expósito & Sara Uceda & Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco, 2023. "Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Mental Health in Youth and Vulnerable Populations: An Extensive Narrative Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Tiberiu Constantin Ionescu & Bogdana Ioana Fetecau & Stefan Zaharia & Elma-Maria Mînecan & Catalina Tudose, 2023. "Sleepless Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Insomnia Symptoms among Professionally Active Romanians during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Stephanie Rodriguez-Besteiro & Ana Isabel Beltran-Velasco & José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera & Marina Begoña Martínez-González & Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez & Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda & Vicente Javier Cleme, 2023. "Social Media, Anxiety and COVID-19 Lockdown Measurement Compliance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-13, March.
    4. Fang, Guanfu & Tang, Tianyu & Zhao, Fang & Zhu, Ying, 2023. "The social scar of the pandemic: Impacts of COVID-19 exposure on interpersonal trust," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    5. Jun Zhuo & Mengmeng Hao & Fangyu Ding & Jiping Dong & Dong Jiang & Shuai Chen, 2024. "The spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of cybercrime in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    6. Simone Nomie-Sato & Emilia Condes Moreno & Adriana Rico Villanueva & Pascual Chiarella & Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera & Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, 2022. "Gender Differences of University Students in the Online Teaching Quality and Psychological Profile during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-10, November.
    7. Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez & Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez & Juan Antonio Simón-Sanjurjo & Ana Isabel Beltran-Velasco & Carmen Cecilia Laborde-Cárdenas & Juan Camilo Benitez-Agudelo & Álvaro Bustamante-, 2022. "Mis–Dis Information in COVID-19 Health Crisis: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-24, April.
    8. Krzysztof Drachal & Daniel González Cortés, 2022. "Estimation of Lockdowns’ Impact on Well-Being in Selected Countries: An Application of Novel Bayesian Methods and Google Search Queries Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-24, December.
    9. Fabiola Bizzi & Anna Riva & Simone Charpentier Mora & Marta Tironi & Sofia Elena Sforza & Lorenzo Maria Milani & Renata Nacinovich, 2023. "Investigating Functioning Profile of Adolescents with Anorexia before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study on Mentalizing, Alexithymia, and Impulsiveness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-14, February.
    10. Alvaro Bustamante-Sanchez & Bella Esperanza Villegas-Mora & Ismael Martínez-Guardado & Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera & Luca Paolo Ardigò & Hadi Nobari & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, 2022. "Physical Activity and Nutritional Pattern Related to Maturation and Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.
    11. Adriana Posada-López & Javier Enrique Botero & Ricardo Antonio Pineda-Tamayo & Andrés A. Agudelo-Suárez, 2022. "The Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Clinical and Biological Indicators, Quality of Life, and Oral Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-17, February.
    12. Nadia Rania & Ilaria Coppola & Marta Brucci, 2023. "Mental Health and Quality of Professional Life of Healthcare Workers: One Year after the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Galdikiene, Laura & Jaraite, Jurate & Kajackaite, Agne, 2024. "Effects of cooperative and uncooperative narratives on trust during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experimental evidence," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    2. Stankov, Petar, 2024. "Will voters polarize over pandemic restrictions? Theory and evidence from COVID-19," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    3. Hwang, Eunju, 2022. "Prediction intervals of the COVID-19 cases by HAR models with growth rates and vaccination rates in top eight affected countries: Bootstrap improvement," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    4. Gemma Seda-Gombau & Juan José Montero-Alía & Eduard Moreno-Gabriel & Pere Torán-Monserrat, 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Burnout in Primary Care Physicians in Catalonia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-12, August.
    5. Wood, Reed M. & Juanchich, Marie & Ramirez, Mark & Zhang, Shenghao, 2023. "Promoting COVID-19 vaccine confidence through public responses to misinformation: The joint influence of message source and message content," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    6. S. D. Sreeganga & Ajay Chandra & Arkalgud Ramaprasad, 2021. "Ontological Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Roll out Strategies: A Comparison of India and the United States of America," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-18, July.
    7. Yuta Suzuki & Noriaki Maeda & Daigo Hirado & Taizan Shirakawa & Yukio Urabe, 2020. "Physical Activity Changes and Its Risk Factors among Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults during the COVID-19 Epidemic: Associations with Subjective Well-Being and Health-Related Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-12, September.
    8. Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan & Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuniga & Oliver C. Ezechi & Brandon Brown & Annie L. Nguyen & Nourhan M. Aly & Passent Ellakany & Ifeoma E. Idigbe & Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan & Folake, 2022. "Associations between Emotional Distress, Sleep Changes, Decreased Tooth Brushing Frequency, Self-Reported Oral Ulcers and SARS-Cov-2 Infection during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-11, September.
    9. Ana Magro & Aida Gutiérrez-García & Marta González-Álvarez & Mario Del Líbano, 2022. "Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-14, November.
    10. Radosław Trepanowski & Dariusz Drążkowski, 2024. "The Vaccine-Education Paradox in a Cross-Country Analysis: Education Predicts Higher and Lower Vaccination Rates," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(2), pages 21582440241, May.
    11. Kevin Lanza & Casey P. Durand & Melody Alcazar & Sierra Ehlers & Kai Zhang & Harold W. Kohl, 2021. "School Parks as a Community Health Resource: Use of Joint-Use Parks by Children before and during COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-14, September.
    12. Victoria Blom & Amanda Lönn & Björn Ekblom & Lena V. Kallings & Daniel Väisänen & Erik Hemmingsson & Gunnar Andersson & Peter Wallin & Andreas Stenling & Örjan Ekblom & Magnus Lindwall & Jane Salier E, 2021. "Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health in Light of the Two COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Sweden, 2020," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-19, March.
    13. Jennifer E. Moreno-Jiménez & Luis Manuel Blanco-Donoso & Evangelia Demerouti & Sylvia Belda Hofheinz & Mario Chico-Fernández & Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez & Eva Garrosa, 2021. "The Role of Healthcare Professionals’ Passion in Predicting Secondary Traumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in the Face of COVID-19: A Longitudinal Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-16, April.
    14. Chenhui Ouyang & Yongyue Zhu & Zhiqiang Ma & Xinyi Qian, 2022. "Why Employees Experience Burnout: An Explanation of Illegitimate Tasks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-18, July.
    15. Schenkel, Marina, 2024. "Health emergencies, science contrarianism and populism: A scoping review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    16. Quan-Hoang Vuong & Tam-Tri Le & Viet-Phuong La & Huyen Thanh Thanh Nguyen & Manh-Toan Ho & Quy Khuc & Minh-Hoang Nguyen, 2022. "Covid-19 vaccines production and societal immunization under the serendipity-mindsponge-3D knowledge management theory and conceptual framework," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
    17. Tianzhen Hu & Li Li & Chuanxue Lin & Zikun Yang & Cheng Chow & Zhipeng Lu & Chen You, 2022. "An Analysis of the Willingness to the COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Shots among Urban Employees: Evidence from a Megacity H in Eastern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-14, February.
    18. Carlotta Amantea & Maria Francesca Rossi & Paolo Emilio Santoro & Flavia Beccia & Maria Rosaria Gualano & Ivan Borrelli & Joana Pinto da Costa & Alessandra Daniele & Antonio Tumminello & Stefania Bocc, 2022. "Medical Liability of the Vaccinating Doctor: Comparing Policies in European Union Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-11, June.
    19. Christian Gillitzer & Nalini Prasad, 2023. "The Effect Of School Closures On Standardized Test Scores: Evidence From A Zero-Covid Environment," Working Papers 2023-09, University of Sydney, School of Economics.
    20. Nesrine Tebbeb & Fanny Villemagne & Thomas Prieur & Solène Dorier & Emmanuel Fort & Thomas Célarier & Luc Fontana & Nathalie Barth & Carole Pélissier, 2022. "COVID-19 Health Crisis Workloads and Screening for Psychological Impact in Nursing Home Staff: A Qualitative and Quantitative Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-17, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10041-:d:642050. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.