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Microbiological, Health and Comfort Aspects of Indoor Air Quality in a Romanian Historical Wooden Church

Author

Listed:
  • Florin Marcu

    (Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10 Piața 1 Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania)

  • Nicolaie Hodor

    (Faculty of Geography, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-6 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj Napoca, Romania)

  • Liliana Indrie

    (Department of Textiles, Leather and Industrial Management, Faculty of Energy Engineering and Industrial Management, University of Oradea, 4 Barbu Stefanescu Delavrancea Street, 410058 Oradea, Romania)

  • Paula Dejeu

    (Medical Laboratory Service M.D., Bethany Medical Clinic Oradea, Bihor County, 410004 Oradea, Romania)

  • Marin Ilieș

    (Faculty of Geography Extension, Babes-Bolyai University, 6 Avram Iancu Street, 435500 Sighetu Marmatiei, Romania)

  • Adina Albu

    (Department of Textiles, Leather and Industrial Management, Faculty of Energy Engineering and Industrial Management, University of Oradea, 4 Barbu Stefanescu Delavrancea Street, 410058 Oradea, Romania)

  • Mircea Sandor

    (Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10 Piața 1 Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania)

  • Cosmin Sicora

    (Biological Research Center Jibou, 16 Wesselenyi Street, 455200 Jibou, Romania)

  • Monica Costea

    (Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, Gen Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania)

  • Dorina Camelia Ilieș

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Tudor Caciora

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Anca Huniadi

    (Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10 Piața 1 Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania)

  • Iuliana Chiș

    (Biological Research Center Jibou, 16 Wesselenyi Street, 455200 Jibou, Romania)

  • Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

    (Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj Napoca, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
    National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Paul Szabo-Alexi

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Vasile Grama

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Bahodirhon Safarov

    (Department of Digital Economy, Samarkand State University, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan)

Abstract

Monitoring the indoor microclimate in old buildings of cultural heritage and significance is a practice of great importance because of the importance of their identity for local communities and national consciousness. Most aged heritage buildings, especially those made of wood, develop an indoor microclimate conducive to the development of microorganisms. This study aims to analyze one wooden church dating back to the 1710s in Romania from the microclimatic perspective, i.e., temperature and relative humidity and the fungal load of the air and surfaces. One further aim was to determine if the internal microclimate of the monument is favorable for the health of parishioners and visitors, as well as for the integrity of the church itself. The research methodology involved monitoring of the microclimate for a period of nine weeks (November 2020–January 2021) and evaluating the fungal load in indoor air as well as on the surfaces. The results show a very high contamination of air and surfaces (>2000 CFU/m 3 ). In terms of fungal contamination, Aspergillus spp. (two different species), Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp. (two different species) and Trichopyton spp. were the genera of fungi identified in the indoor wooden church air and Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp. (two different species) and Botrytis spp. on the surfaces (church walls and iconostasis). The results obtained reveal that the internal microclimate not only imposes a potential risk factor for the parishioners and visitors, but also for the preservation of the wooden church as a historical monument, which is facing a crisis of biodeterioration of its artwork.

Suggested Citation

  • Florin Marcu & Nicolaie Hodor & Liliana Indrie & Paula Dejeu & Marin Ilieș & Adina Albu & Mircea Sandor & Cosmin Sicora & Monica Costea & Dorina Camelia Ilieș & Tudor Caciora & Anca Huniadi & Iuliana , 2021. "Microbiological, Health and Comfort Aspects of Indoor Air Quality in a Romanian Historical Wooden Church," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9908-:d:639610
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Mariangela De Vita & Marianna Rotilio & Chiara Marchionni & Pierluigi De Berardinis, 2023. "Architectural Heritage Indoor Comfort after Retrofit Works: The Case Study of S. Vito Church in L’Aquila, Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Michal Poljak & Radoslav Ponechal, 2023. "Microclimatic Monitoring—The Beginning of Saving Historical Sacral Buildings in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, January.
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    5. Xuna Zhang & Shijing Nan & Shanbing Lu & Minna Wang, 2022. "Spatial Effects of Air Pollution on the Siting of Enterprises: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-18, November.
    6. Alexandru Ilieș & Tudor Caciora & Florin Marcu & Zharas Berdenov & Gabriela Ilieș & Bahodirhon Safarov & Nicolaie Hodor & Vasile Grama & Maisa Ali Al Shomali & Dorina Camelia Ilies & Ovidiu Gaceu & Mo, 2022. "Analysis of the Interior Microclimate in Art Nouveau Heritage Buildings for the Protection of Exhibits and Human Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-26, December.
    7. Carola Lingua & Giulia Crespi & Cristina Becchio & Stefano Paolo Corgnati, 2023. "Designing IAQ-Resilient Post-Pandemic Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-17, January.
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