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Spatial-Temporal Changes and Associated Determinants of Global Heating Degree Days

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  • Yuanzheng Li

    (School of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
    Academician Laboratory for Urban and Rural Spatial Data Mining of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Jinyuan Li

    (School of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Ao Xu

    (School of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Zhizhi Feng

    (School of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Chanjuan Hu

    (Institute of Geographical Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, China)

  • Guosong Zhao

    (School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

The heating degree days (HDDs) could indicate the climate impact on energy consumption and thermal environment conditions effectively during the winter season. Nevertheless, studies on the spatial-temporal changes in global HDDs and their determinants are scarce. This study used multi-source data and several methods to explore the rules of the spatial distribution of global HDDs and their interannual changes over the past 49 years and some critical determinants. The results show that global HDDs generally became larger in regions with higher latitudes and altitudes. Most global change rates of HDDs were negative ( p < 0.10) and decreased to a greater extent in areas with higher latitudes. Most global HDDs showed sustainability trends in the future. Both the HDDs and their change rates were significantly partially correlated with latitude, altitude, mean albedo, and EVI during winter, annual mean PM 2.5 concentration, and nighttime light intensity ( p = 0.000). The HDDs and their change rates could be simulated well by the machine learning method. Their RMSEs were 564.08 °C * days and 3.59 °C * days * year −1 , respectively. Our findings could support the scientific response to climate warming, the construction of living environments, sustainable development, etc.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuanzheng Li & Jinyuan Li & Ao Xu & Zhizhi Feng & Chanjuan Hu & Guosong Zhao, 2021. "Spatial-Temporal Changes and Associated Determinants of Global Heating Degree Days," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6186-:d:570798
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