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Intimate Partner Violence and Structural Violence in the Lives of Incarcerated Women: A Mixed-Method Study in Rural New Mexico

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  • Shilo St. Cyr

    (Sexual Violence Prevention and Response Office, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada)

  • Elise Trott Jaramillo

    (Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA)

  • Laura Garrison

    (Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA)

  • Lorraine Halinka Malcoe

    (Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA)

  • Stephen R. Shamblen

    (Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Louisville, KY 40202, USA)

  • Cathleen E. Willging

    (Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA)

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common feature in the lives of incarcerated women returning to rural communities, enhancing their risk of mental ill-health, substance use, and recidivism. Women’s experiences of IPV intersect with challenges across multiple social–ecological levels, including risky or criminalizing interpersonal relationships, geographic isolation, and persistent gender, racial, and economic inequities. We conducted quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with 99 incarcerated women in New Mexico who were scheduled to return to micropolitan or non-core areas within 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately and then triangulated to identify convergences and divergences in data. The findings underscore how individual and interpersonal experiences of IPV, substance use, and psychological distress intersect with broad social inequities, such as poverty, lack of supportive resources, and reluctance to seek help due to experiences of discrimination. These results point to the need for a more proactive response to the mutually constitutive cycle of IPV, mental distress, incarceration, and structures of violence to improve reentry for women returning to rural communities. Policy and treatment must prioritize socioeconomic marginalization and expand community resources with attention to the needs of rural women of color.

Suggested Citation

  • Shilo St. Cyr & Elise Trott Jaramillo & Laura Garrison & Lorraine Halinka Malcoe & Stephen R. Shamblen & Cathleen E. Willging, 2021. "Intimate Partner Violence and Structural Violence in the Lives of Incarcerated Women: A Mixed-Method Study in Rural New Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6185-:d:570762
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Metzl, Jonathan M. & Hansen, Helena, 2014. "Structural competency: Theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 126-133.
    2. Paul E Farmer & Bruce Nizeye & Sara Stulac & Salmaan Keshavjee, 2006. "Structural Violence and Clinical Medicine," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 3(10), pages 1-6, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Elena Cyrus & Jorge Sanchez & Purnima Madhivanan & Javier R. Lama & Andrea Cornejo Bazo & Javier Valencia & Segundo R. Leon & Manuel Villaran & Panagiotis Vagenas & Michael Sciaudone & David Vu & Make, 2021. "Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Use Disorders and Depression among Incarcerated Women in Lima, Perú," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Stephanie M. Koning, 2024. "Protracted Chains of Violence: How Chronic Conflict and Displacement Structure Intimate Partner Violence at the Thailand-Myanmar Border," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 43(2), pages 1-29, April.

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