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Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Use Disorders and Depression among Incarcerated Women in Lima, Perú

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Listed:
  • Elena Cyrus

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32827, USA
    School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA)

  • Jorge Sanchez

    (Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales, Callao 07006, Peru)

  • Purnima Madhivanan

    (Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
    Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore 560020, Karnataka, India)

  • Javier R. Lama

    (Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima 15603, Peru)

  • Andrea Cornejo Bazo

    (International Degrees Department, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru)

  • Javier Valencia

    (Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima 15603, Peru)

  • Segundo R. Leon

    (Office of Research and Technology Transfer, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chorrillos 15067, Peru)

  • Manuel Villaran

    (Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima 15603, Peru)

  • Panagiotis Vagenas

    (Berkeley Research Development Office, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

  • Michael Sciaudone

    (Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
    Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA)

  • David Vu

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32827, USA)

  • Makella S. Coudray

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32827, USA)

  • Frederick L. Atice

    (School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA)

Abstract

Background: Globally, there is evidence supporting the co-occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV), substance use disorders (SUD) and mental health disorders among women in prisons, however, there is limited research investigating these domains in the Andean region where rates of female incarceration have increased. The study objective was to explore the prevalence of IPV, SUD and depression among incarcerated women in a Peruvian prison and explore associations among these variables and related correlates. Methods: 249 incarcerated women responded to a questionnaire about IPV, substance use, depression, and sexual behavior, and were screened for HIV/sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to estimate relative risk and the influence of substance use and depression on IPV rates. Results: Twelve months prior to incarceration, of the women with sexual partners pre-incarceration (n = 212), 69.3% experienced threats of violence, 61.4% experienced ≥1 acts of physical violence, and 28.3% reported ≥1 act of sexual aggression. Pre-incarceration, 68.1% of drug-using women had a SUD, and 61.7% of those who consumed alcohol reported hazardous/harmful drinking. There were 20 (8.0%) HIV/STD cases; and 67.5% of the women reported depressive symptoms. Compared to women with no experiences of physical violence, a greater proportion of women who experienced least l violent act had depressive symptoms and engaged in sex work pre-incarceration. Depression was associated with physical violence (adjusted relative risk = 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.58). Recommendations: The findings provide evidence of a syndemic of IPV, substance abuse and depression among incarcerated women in a Peruvian prison. To help guide policy makers, further research is needed to determine if this is indicative of trends for other at-risk women in the region, and viable options to treat these women during incarceration to prevent recidivism and other long-term negative sequalae.

Suggested Citation

  • Elena Cyrus & Jorge Sanchez & Purnima Madhivanan & Javier R. Lama & Andrea Cornejo Bazo & Javier Valencia & Segundo R. Leon & Manuel Villaran & Panagiotis Vagenas & Michael Sciaudone & David Vu & Make, 2021. "Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Use Disorders and Depression among Incarcerated Women in Lima, Perú," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11134-:d:662988
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Braithwaite, R.L. & Treadwell, H.M. & Arriola, K.R.J., 2005. "Health disparities and incarcerated women: A population ignored," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(10), pages 1679-1681.
    2. Shilo St. Cyr & Elise Trott Jaramillo & Laura Garrison & Lorraine Halinka Malcoe & Stephen R. Shamblen & Cathleen E. Willging, 2021. "Intimate Partner Violence and Structural Violence in the Lives of Incarcerated Women: A Mixed-Method Study in Rural New Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Gilbert, L. & Goddard-Eckrich, D. & Hunt, T. & Ma, X. & Chang, M. & Rowe, J. & McCrimmon, T. & Johnson, K. & Goodwin, S. & Almonte, M. & Shaw, S.A., 2016. "Efficacy of a computerized intervention on HIV and intimate partner violence among substance-using women in community corrections: A randomized controlled trial," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(7), pages 1278-1286.
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