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Implementing Public Health Strategies—The Need for Educational Initiatives: A Systematic Review

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  • Amir Khorram-Manesh

    (Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
    Department of Development and Research, Armed Forces Center for Defense Medicine, Gothenburg, 426 76 Västra Frölunda, Sweden)

  • Maxim A. Dulebenets

    (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU), 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Building A, Suite A124, Tallahassee, FL 32310-6046, USA)

  • Krzysztof Goniewicz

    (Department of Aviation Security, Military University of Aviation, 08521 Deblin, Poland)

Abstract

In the absence of a specific treatment or vaccines, public health strategies are the main measures to use in the initial stages of a pandemic to allow surveillance of infectious diseases. During the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several countries initiated various public health strategies, such as contact tracing and quarantine. The present study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to identify the presence of educational initiatives that promote the implementation of public health strategies before public health emergencies, with a special focus on contact tracing applications. Using Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Gothenburg University search engines, all published scientific articles were included, while conference, reports, and non-scientific papers were excluded. The outcomes of the reviewed studies indicate that the effective implementation of public health strategies depends on the peoples’ willingness to participate and collaborate with local authorities. Several factors may influence such willingness, of which ethical, psychological, and practical factors seem to be the most important and frequently discussed. Moreover, individual willingness and readiness of a community may also vary based on the acquired level of knowledge about the incident and its cause and available management options. Educational initiatives, proper communication, and timely information at the community level were found to be the necessary steps to counteract misinformation and to promote a successful implementation of public health strategies and attenuate the effects of a pandemic. The systematic review conducted as a part of this study would benefit the relevant stakeholders and policy makers and assist with effective designing and implementation.

Suggested Citation

  • Amir Khorram-Manesh & Maxim A. Dulebenets & Krzysztof Goniewicz, 2021. "Implementing Public Health Strategies—The Need for Educational Initiatives: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5888-:d:565707
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krzysztof Goniewicz & Amir Khorram-Manesh, 2021. "Maintaining Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Outbreak," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-7, January.
    2. Frantz Rowe & Ojelanki Ngwenyama & Jean-Loup Richet, 2020. "Contact-tracing apps and alienation in the age of COVID-19," Post-Print hal-02976045, HAL.
    3. Krzysztof Goniewicz & Amir Khorram-Manesh & Attila J. Hertelendy & Mariusz Goniewicz & Katarzyna Naylor & Frederick M. Burkle, 2020. "Current Response and Management Decisions of the European Union to the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-12, May.
    4. Nelson, C. & Lurie, N. & Wasserman, J. & Zakowski, S., 2007. "Conceptualizing and defining public health emergency preparedness," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(S1), pages 9-11.
    5. Jaehun Joo & Matthew Minsuk Shin, 2020. "Resolving the tension between full utilization of contact tracing app services and user stress as an effort to control the COVID-19 pandemic," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 14(4), pages 461-478, December.
    6. Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling & Nur Amiera binti Md Suhud & Pau Chung Leng & Lee Bak Yeo & Chin Tiong Cheng & Mohd Hamdan Haji Ahmad & Ak Mohd Rafiq Ak Matusin, 2021. "Factors Influencing Asia-Pacific Countries’ Success Level in Curbing COVID-19: A Review Using a Social–Ecological System (SES) Framework," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-27, February.
    7. Ling, Gabriel Hoh Teck & Suhud, Nur Amiera binti Md & Leng, Pau Chung & Yeo, Lee Bak & Cheng, Chin Tiong & Ahmad, Mohd Hamdan Haji & Matusin, AK Mohd Rafiq AK, 2021. "Factors Influencing Asia-Pacific Countries’ Success Level in Curbing COVID-19: A Review Using a Social–Ecological System (SES) Framework," SocArXiv b9f2w, Center for Open Science.
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