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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Resources and Crime-Related Psychosocial Hazards, Stroke Risk, and Cognition in Older Adults

Author

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  • Linda D. Ruiz

    (College of Science and Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA)

  • Molly Brown

    (College of Science and Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA)

  • Yan Li

    (College of Science and Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA)

  • Elizabeth A. Boots

    (Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
    Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

  • Lisa L. Barnes

    (Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

  • Leonard Jason

    (College of Science and Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA)

  • Shannon Zenk

    (Department of Health Systems Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

  • Philippa Clarke

    (Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA)

  • Melissa Lamar

    (Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

Abstract

Living in neighborhoods with lower incomes, lower education/occupational levels, and/or higher crime increases one’s risk of developing chronic health problems including cardiovascular disease risk factors and stroke. These cardiovascular health problems are known to contribute to cognitive decline and dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of neighborhood socioeconomic resources and crime-related psychosocial hazards on stroke risk and cognition, hypothesizing that cardiovascular health would mediate any relationship between the neighborhood-level environment and cognition. The study evaluated 121 non-demented Chicago-area adults (~67 years; 40% non-Latino White) for cardiovascular health problems using the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile 10-year risk of stroke (FSRP-10). The cognitive domains that were tested included memory, executive functioning, and attention/information processing. Neighborhood socioeconomic resources were quantified at the census tract level (income, education, and occupation); crime-related psychosocial hazards were quantified at the point level. Structural equation modeling (SEM) did not show that the FSRP-10 mediated the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and domain-specific cognition. The SEM results did suggest that higher crime rates were associated with a higher FSRP-10 ( β (105) = 2.38, p = 0.03) and that higher FSRP-10 is associated with reduced attention/information processing performance ( β (105) = −0.04, p = 0.02) after accounting for neighborhood socioeconomic resources. Clinicians may wish to query not only individual but also neighborhood-level health when considering cognition.

Suggested Citation

  • Linda D. Ruiz & Molly Brown & Yan Li & Elizabeth A. Boots & Lisa L. Barnes & Leonard Jason & Shannon Zenk & Philippa Clarke & Melissa Lamar, 2021. "Neighborhood Socioeconomic Resources and Crime-Related Psychosocial Hazards, Stroke Risk, and Cognition in Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:10:p:5122-:d:553063
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cheryl R Clark & Mark J Ommerborn & DeMarc A Hickson & Kya N Grooms & Mario Sims & Herman A Taylor & Michelle A Albert, 2013. "Neighborhood Disadvantage, Neighborhood Safety and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in African Americans: Biosocial Associations in the Jackson Heart Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(5), pages 1-10, May.
    2. Guglielmo Bonaccorsi & Federico Manzi & Marco Del Riccio & Nicoletta Setola & Eletta Naldi & Chiara Milani & Duccio Giorgetti & Claudia Dellisanti & Chiara Lorini, 2020. "Impact of the Built Environment and the Neighborhood in Promoting the Physical Activity and the Healthy Aging in Older People: An Umbrella Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-27, August.
    3. Brenner, Allison B. & Borrell, Luisa N. & Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh & Diez Roux, Ana V., 2015. "Longitudinal associations of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and alcohol availability on drinking: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 17-25.
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    1. Gehad Mohammed Ahmed Naji & Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha & Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn & Stavroula Leka & Muhammad Shoaib Saleem & Syed Mohamed Nasir Bin Syed Abd Rahman & Mohammed Alzoraiki, 2021. "Impact of Safety Culture on Safety Performance; Mediating Role of Psychosocial Hazard: An Integrated Modelling Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-20, August.

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