IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i9p3052-d351329.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sensor-Aided EMF Exposure Assessments in an Urban Environment Using Artificial Neural Networks

Author

Listed:
  • Shanshan Wang

    (Chaire C2M, LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France)

  • Joe Wiart

    (Chaire C2M, LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France)

Abstract

This paper studies the time and space mapping of the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure induced by cellular base station antennas (BSA) using artificial neural networks (ANN). The reconstructed EMF exposure map (EEM) in urban environment is obtained by using data from EMF sensor networks, drive testing and information accessible in a public database, e.g., locations and orientations of BSA. The performance of EEM is compared with Exposure Reference Map (ERM) based on simulations, in which parametric path loss models are used to reflect the complexity of urban cities. Then, a new hybrid ANN, which has the advantage of sorting and utilizing inputs from simulations efficiently, is proposed. Using both hybrid ANN and conventional regression ANN, the EEM is reconstructed and compared to the ERM first by the reconstruction approach considering only EMF exposure assessed from sensor networks, where the required number of sensors towards good reconstruction is explored; then, a new reconstruction approach using the sensors information combined with EMF along few streets from drive testing. Both reconstruction approaches use simulations to mimic measurements. The influence of city architecture on EMF exposure reconstruction is analyzed and the addition of noise is considered to test the robustness of ANN as well.

Suggested Citation

  • Shanshan Wang & Joe Wiart, 2020. "Sensor-Aided EMF Exposure Assessments in an Urban Environment Using Artificial Neural Networks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:9:p:3052-:d:351329
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/9/3052/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/9/3052/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Singh, Kunwar P. & Basant, Ankita & Malik, Amrita & Jain, Gunja, 2009. "Artificial neural network modeling of the river water quality—A case study," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(6), pages 888-895.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Malka N. Halgamuge, 2020. "Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Bioelectromagnetics: Prediction Models and Feature Selection Techniques Using Data from Weak Radiofrequency Radiation Effect on Human and Animals Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-27, June.
    2. Teruo Onishi & Miwa Ikuyo & Kazuhiro Tobita & Sen Liu & Masao Taki & Soichi Watanabe, 2021. "Radiofrequency Exposure Levels from Mobile Phone Base Stations in Outdoor Environments and an Underground Shopping Mall in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-10, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Vlontzos, G. & Pardalos, P.M., 2017. "Assess and prognosticate green house gas emissions from agricultural production of EU countries, by implementing, DEA Window analysis and artificial neural networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 155-162.
    2. Sayiter Yıldız & Can Bülent Karakuş, 2020. "Estimation of irrigation water quality index with development of an optimum model: a case study," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 4771-4786, June.
    3. Mehmet Kayakuş, 2020. "The Estimation of Turkey's Energy Demand Through Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Regression Methods," Alphanumeric Journal, Bahadir Fatih Yildirim, vol. 8(2), pages 227-236, December.
    4. Işık, Erdem & Inallı, Mustafa, 2018. "Artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems approaches to forecast the meteorological data for HVAC: The case of cities for Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 7-16.
    5. Kichul Jung & Deg-Hyo Bae & Myoung-Jin Um & Siyeon Kim & Seol Jeon & Daeryong Park, 2020. "Evaluation of Nitrate Load Estimations Using Neural Networks and Canonical Correlation Analysis with K-Fold Cross-Validation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, January.
    6. Mohammad Rezaie-Balf & Zahra Zahmatkesh & Sungwon Kim, 2017. "Soft Computing Techniques for Rainfall-Runoff Simulation: Local Non–Parametric Paradigm vs. Model Classification Methods," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(12), pages 3843-3865, September.
    7. Yumin Wang & Weijian Ran & Lei Wu & Yifeng Wu, 2019. "Assessment of River Water Quality Based on an Improved Fuzzy Matter-Element Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-11, August.
    8. Thiago Victor Medeiros Nascimento & Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos & Camilo Allyson Simões Farias & Richarde Marques Silva, 2022. "Monthly Streamflow Modeling Based on Self-Organizing Maps and Satellite-Estimated Rainfall Data," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(7), pages 2359-2377, May.
    9. Thendiyath Roshni & Madan K. Jha & Ravinesh C. Deo & A. Vandana, 2019. "Development and Evaluation of Hybrid Artificial Neural Network Architectures for Modeling Spatio-Temporal Groundwater Fluctuations in a Complex Aquifer System," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(7), pages 2381-2397, May.
    10. Bhattacharjee, Natalia V. & Tollner, Ernest W., 2016. "Improving management of windrow composting systems by modeling runoff water quality dynamics using recurrent neural network," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 339(C), pages 68-76.
    11. Ranković, Vesna & Radulović, Jasna & Radojević, Ivana & Ostojić, Aleksandar & Čomić, Ljiljana, 2010. "Neural network modeling of dissolved oxygen in the Gruža reservoir, Serbia," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(8), pages 1239-1244.
    12. Linlin Zhao & Jasper Mbachu & Zhansheng Liu, 2019. "Exploring the Trend of New Zealand Housing Prices to Support Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-18, April.
    13. Junguo, Hu & Guomo, Zhou & Xiaojun, Xu, 2013. "Using an improved back propagation neural network to study spatial distribution of sunshine illumination from sensor network data," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 266(C), pages 86-96.
    14. West, David & Dellana, Scott, 2011. "An empirical analysis of neural network memory structures for basin water quality forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 777-803, July.
    15. Rana Muhammad Adnan & Hong-Liang Dai & Reham R. Mostafa & Kulwinder Singh Parmar & Salim Heddam & Ozgur Kisi, 2022. "Modeling Multistep Ahead Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Using Improved Support Vector Machines by a Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-23, March.
    16. Areerachakul, Sirilak & Sophatsathit, Peraphon & Lursinsap, Chidchanok, 2013. "Integration of unsupervised and supervised neural networks to predict dissolved oxygen concentration in canals," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 261, pages 1-7.
    17. Ahmad Khazaee Poul & Mojtaba Shourian & Hadi Ebrahimi, 2019. "A Comparative Study of MLR, KNN, ANN and ANFIS Models with Wavelet Transform in Monthly Stream Flow Prediction," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(8), pages 2907-2923, June.
    18. Tanujit Chakraborty & Ashis Kumar Chakraborty & Zubia Mansoor, 2019. "A hybrid regression model for water quality prediction," OPSEARCH, Springer;Operational Research Society of India, vol. 56(4), pages 1167-1178, December.
    19. Tat Pham Van & Pham Nu Ngoc Han & Minh Phap Dao, 2017. "Modelling of Dissolved Oxygen in Thi Vai River Water Incorporating Artificial Neural Network and Multivariable Regression," International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 7(1), pages 11-18, November.
    20. Mehdi Vafakhah & Saeid Khosrobeigi Bozchaloei, 2020. "Regional Analysis of Flow Duration Curves through Support Vector Regression," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(1), pages 283-294, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:9:p:3052-:d:351329. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.