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Do Aging and Low Fertility Reduce Carbon Emissions in Korea? Evidence from IPAT Augmented EKC Analysis

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  • Jaehyeok Kim

    (National Assembly Budget Office, 1 Uisadang-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07233, Korea)

  • Hyungwoo Lim

    (Department of Economics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Ha-Hyun Jo

    (Department of Economics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea)

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to empirically find the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between income and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and to analyze the influence of population aging on such emissions. We utilize Korean regional panel data of 16 provinces during the period from 1998 to 2016. To account for the nonstationary time series in the panel, we employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and estimate long-run elasticity. From the empirical results, we can find the nonlinear relationship between income and CO 2 emissions. Additionally, we verify the fact that population aging reduces CO 2 emissions. A 1% increase in the proportion of the elderly results in a 0.4% decrease in CO 2 emissions. On the other hand, the younger population increases CO 2 emissions. These results were in line with those of additional analysis on residential and transportation CO 2 emissions, for the robustness check.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaehyeok Kim & Hyungwoo Lim & Ha-Hyun Jo, 2020. "Do Aging and Low Fertility Reduce Carbon Emissions in Korea? Evidence from IPAT Augmented EKC Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2972-:d:350117
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    3. Hyungwoo Lim & Jaehyeok Kim & Ha-Hyun Jo, 2020. "Population Age Structure and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transportation: A Panel Cointegration Analysis of 21 OECD Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, October.
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    5. Zhou, Yang & Wang, Heng & Qiu, Huanguang, 2023. "Population aging reduces carbon emissions: Evidence from China's latest three censuses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    6. Mansoor Ahmed & Wen Huan & Nafees Ali & Ahsan Shafi & Muhsan Ehsan & Kamal Abdelrahman & Anser Ali Khan & Saiq Shakeel Abbasi & Mohammed S. Fnais, 2023. "The Effect of Energy Consumption, Income, and Population Growth on CO 2 Emissions: Evidence from NARDL and Machine Learning Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, August.
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