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Do Aging and Low Fertility Reduce Carbon Emissions in Korea? Evidence from IPAT Augmented EKC Analysis

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  • Jaehyeok Kim

    (National Assembly Budget Office, 1 Uisadang-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07233, Korea)

  • Hyungwoo Lim

    (Department of Economics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Ha-Hyun Jo

    (Department of Economics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea)

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to empirically find the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between income and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and to analyze the influence of population aging on such emissions. We utilize Korean regional panel data of 16 provinces during the period from 1998 to 2016. To account for the nonstationary time series in the panel, we employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and estimate long-run elasticity. From the empirical results, we can find the nonlinear relationship between income and CO 2 emissions. Additionally, we verify the fact that population aging reduces CO 2 emissions. A 1% increase in the proportion of the elderly results in a 0.4% decrease in CO 2 emissions. On the other hand, the younger population increases CO 2 emissions. These results were in line with those of additional analysis on residential and transportation CO 2 emissions, for the robustness check.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaehyeok Kim & Hyungwoo Lim & Ha-Hyun Jo, 2020. "Do Aging and Low Fertility Reduce Carbon Emissions in Korea? Evidence from IPAT Augmented EKC Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2972-:d:350117
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    2. Zhicong Zhang & Hao Xie & Jubing Zhang & Xinye Wang & Jiayu Wei & Xibin Quan, 2022. "Prediction and Trend Analysis of Regional Industrial Carbon Emission in China: A Study of Nanjing City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Hyungwoo Lim & Jaehyeok Kim & Ha-Hyun Jo, 2020. "Population Age Structure and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transportation: A Panel Cointegration Analysis of 21 OECD Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Ke Luo & Shuo Chen & Shixi Cui & Yuantao Liao & Yu He & Chunshan Zhou & Shaojian Wang, 2023. "Examining the Overall and Heterogeneous Impacts of Urban Spatial Structure on Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of Guangdong Province, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, September.
    5. Zhou, Yang & Wang, Heng & Qiu, Huanguang, 2023. "Population aging reduces carbon emissions: Evidence from China's latest three censuses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    6. Mansoor Ahmed & Wen Huan & Nafees Ali & Ahsan Shafi & Muhsan Ehsan & Kamal Abdelrahman & Anser Ali Khan & Saiq Shakeel Abbasi & Mohammed S. Fnais, 2023. "The Effect of Energy Consumption, Income, and Population Growth on CO 2 Emissions: Evidence from NARDL and Machine Learning Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, August.
    7. Wang, Zhibao & Wei, Lijie & Zhang, Xiaoping & Qi, Guangzhi, 2023. "Impact of demographic age structure on energy consumption structure: Evidence from population aging in mainland China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    8. Yong Xiao & Cheng Yong & Wei Hu & Hanyun Wang, 2023. "Factors Influencing Carbon Emissions in High Carbon Industries in the Zhejiang Province and Decoupling Effect Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-22, November.

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