IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i7p2238-d337416.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Natural Environmental Factors Influencing the Spatial Distribution of Marathon Event: A Case Study from China

Author

Listed:
  • Zhanbing Ren

    (Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China)

  • Yifan Zuo

    (School of Management, Jinan University, Jinan Guangzhou 510632, China
    Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, China)

  • Yudan Ma

    (Exercise Science Research Center, Jilin Institute of Sport Science, Changchun 130022, China)

  • Mu Zhang

    (Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, China)

  • Lee Smith

    (Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK)

  • Lin Yang

    (Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada)

  • Paul D. Loprinzi

    (Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38655, USA)

  • Qian Yu

    (School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China)

  • Liye Zou

    (School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China)

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of natural environmental factors on the spatial distribution of marathon events in China, and to identify the suitable natural environmental factors for the marathon events. Methods: Geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis tools were used to perform coupling analysis, e.g. overlap, neighborhood, intersection and buffer for terrain, climate, air quality, mountains and water resources with 342 marathon events held in China in 2018. Results: The results indicate that the spatial distribution of marathon events in China is negatively correlated with the elevation of the terrain (plain > hill > plateau > mountain > basin); climate (subtropical monsoon climate > temperate monsoon climate > temperate continental climate > tropical monsoon climate > plateau alpine climate), air quality (level 3 > level 2 > level 4 > level 1). Results indicate that buffer zones can protect water resources: there are 24 items in the buffer zone of river 0.5 km and lake 1 km, 131 items in the buffer zone of river 3 km and lake 5 km, 191 items in the buffer zone of river 5 km and lake 10 km, 298 items in the buffer zone of river 10 km and lake 20 km. Results indicate for mountain range buffer: 13 items in the 20 km buffer and 39 items in the 50 km buffer. Conclusions: Marathon events are more likely to be held on the third rung of China’s topography where a city has a typical landform (plains, basins, hills, or mountain) with good climate and air quality. Meanwhile a city with water and mountain resources for recreational events such as cross-country or obstacle course are essential. The contribution of this study is to systematically and intuitively reflect the influence of natural environment factors on the distribution of marathon events in China, and to provide evidence for the medium and long-term planning of marathon events in China, the selection of venues for different types of marathon events and how to attract participants.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhanbing Ren & Yifan Zuo & Yudan Ma & Mu Zhang & Lee Smith & Lin Yang & Paul D. Loprinzi & Qian Yu & Liye Zou, 2020. "The Natural Environmental Factors Influencing the Spatial Distribution of Marathon Event: A Case Study from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2238-:d:337416
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2238/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2238/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Carlos J. Baños & María Hernández & Antonio M. Rico & Jorge Olcina, 2019. "The Hydrosocial Cycle in Coastal Tourist Destinations in Alicante, Spain: Increasing Resilience to Drought," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Yifan Zuo & Liye Zou & Mu Zhang & Lee Smith & Lin Yang & Paul D. Loprinzi & Zhanbing Ren, 2019. "The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Marathons in China from 2010 to 2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Beat Knechtle & Stefania Di Gangi & Christoph Alexander Rüst & Elias Villiger & Thomas Rosemann & Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis, 2019. "The role of weather conditions on running performance in the Boston Marathon from 1972 to 2018," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Kaitano Dube & Godwell Nhamo, 2019. "Climate change and potential impacts on tourism: evidence from the Zimbabwean side of the Victoria Falls," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 2025-2041, August.
    5. Pantelis T. Nikolaidis & Stefania Di Gangi & Hamdi Chtourou & Christoph Alexander Rüst & Thomas Rosemann & Beat Knechtle, 2019. "The Role of Environmental Conditions on Marathon Running Performance in Men Competing in Boston Marathon from 1897 to 2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-14, February.
    6. J. Lelieveld & J. S. Evans & M. Fnais & D. Giannadaki & A. Pozzer, 2015. "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale," Nature, Nature, vol. 525(7569), pages 367-371, September.
    7. Pueyo-Ros, Josep & Garcia, Xavier & Ribas, Anna & Fraguell, Rosa M., 2018. "Ecological Restoration of a Coastal Wetland at a Mass Tourism Destination. Will the Recreational Value Increase or Decrease?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1-14.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. San-Jun Yang & Fan Yang & Yuan Gao & Yan-Feng Su & Wei Sun & Sheng-Wei Jia & Yu Wang & Wing-Kai Lam, 2022. "Gender and Age Differences in Performance of Over 70,000 Chinese Finishers in the Half- and Full-Marathon Events," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-9, June.
    2. Mabliny Thuany & Thayse Natacha Gomes & Lee Hill & Thomas Rosemann & Beat Knechtle & Marcos B. Almeida, 2021. "Running Performance Variability among Runners from Different Brazilian States: A Multilevel Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-12, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis & Ivan Cuk & Thomas Rosemann & Beat Knechtle, 2019. "Performance and Pacing of Age Groups in Half-Marathon and Marathon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-10, May.
    2. Lanzi, Elisa & Dellink, Rob & Chateau, Jean, 2018. "The sectoral and regional economic consequences of outdoor air pollution to 2060," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 89-113.
    3. Héctor Jorquera & Ana María Villalobos, 2020. "Combining Cluster Analysis of Air Pollution and Meteorological Data with Receptor Model Results for Ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-25, November.
    4. Ellen Banzhaf & Sally Anderson & Gwendoline Grandin & Richard Hardiman & Anne Jensen & Laurence Jones & Julius Knopp & Gregor Levin & Duncan Russel & Wanben Wu & Jun Yang & Marianne Zandersen, 2022. "Urban-Rural Dependencies and Opportunities to Design Nature-Based Solutions for Resilience in Europe and China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-25, March.
    5. Rogers Kanee & Precious Ede & Omosivie Maduka & Golden Owhonda & Eric Aigbogun & Khalaf F. Alsharif & Ahmed H. Qasem & Shadi S. Alkhayyat & Gaber El-Saber Batiha, 2021. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels in Wistar Rats Exposed to Ambient Air of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: An Indicator for Tissue Toxicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-21, May.
    6. Hongjun Yu & Jiali Cheng & Shelby Paige Gordon & Ruopeng An & Miao Yu & Xiaodan Chen & Qingli Yue & Jun Qiu, 2018. "Impact of Air Pollution on Sedentary Behavior: A Cohort Study of Freshmen at a University in Beijing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Stefani Kulebanova & Jana Prodanova & Aleksandra Dedinec & Trifce Sandev & Desheng Wu & Ljupco Kocarev, 2024. "Media Sentiment on Air Pollution: Seasonal Trends in Relation to PM10 Levels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-20, July.
    8. Sowmya Malamardi & Katrina A. Lambert & Attahalli Shivanarayanaprasad Praveena & Mahesh Padukudru Anand & Bircan Erbas, 2022. "Time Trends of Greenspaces, Air Pollution, and Asthma Prevalence among Children and Adolescents in India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.
    9. Malayaranjan Sahoo & Narayan Sethi, 2022. "The dynamic impact of urbanization, structural transformation, and technological innovation on ecological footprint and PM2.5: evidence from newly industrialized countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 4244-4277, March.
    10. Liu, Haoming & Salvo, Alberto, 2017. "Severe Air Pollution and School Absences: Longitudinal Data on Expatriates in North China," IZA Discussion Papers 11134, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Li, Shanjun & Liu, Yanyan & Purevjav, Avralt-Od & Yang, Lin, 2019. "Does subway expansion improve air quality?," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 213-235.
    12. K. K. Shukla & Raju Attada & Aman W. Khan & Prashant Kumar, 2022. "Evaluation of extreme dust storm over the northwest Indo-Gangetic plain using WRF-Chem model," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(3), pages 1887-1910, February.
    13. Shichun Xu & Wenwen Zhang & Qinbin Li & Bin Zhao & Shuxiao Wang & Ruyin Long, 2017. "Decomposition Analysis of the Factors that Influence Energy Related Air Pollutant Emission Changes in China Using the SDA Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-18, September.
    14. Bedoya-Maya, Felipe & Calatayud, Agustina & González Mejia, Vileydy, 2022. "Estimating the effect of urban road congestion on air quality in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 12468, Inter-American Development Bank.
    15. Ling-Yun He & Xiao-Feng Qi, 2021. "Environmental Courts, Environment and Employment: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.
    16. Wang, Qiang & Kwan, Mei-Po & Zhou, Kan & Fan, Jie & Wang, Yafei & Zhan, Dongsheng, 2019. "Impacts of residential energy consumption on the health burden of household air pollution: Evidence from 135 countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 284-295.
    17. Weicong Fu & Qunyue Liu & Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch & Ziru Chen & Zhipeng Zhu & Jinda Qi & Mo Wang & Emily Dang & Jianwen Dong, 2018. "Long-Term Atmospheric Visibility Trends and Their Relations to Socioeconomic Factors in Xiamen City, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-16, October.
    18. Calvo, Rubén & Álamos, Nicolás & Huneeus, Nicolás & O'Ryan, Raúl, 2022. "Energy poverty effects on policy-based PM2.5 emissions mitigation in southern and central Chile," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    19. Carl-Friedrich Schleussner & Joeri Rogelj & Michiel Schaeffer & Tabea Lissner & Rachel Licker & Erich M. Fischer & Reto Knutti & Anders Levermann & Katja Frieler & William Hare, 2016. "Science and policy characteristics of the Paris Agreement temperature goal," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(9), pages 827-835, September.
    20. Shen Zhao & Yong Xu, 2019. "Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM 2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-17, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2238-:d:337416. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.