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Food Retail Environments in Greater Melbourne 2008–2016: Longitudinal Analysis of Intra-City Variation in Density and Healthiness of Food Outlets

Author

Listed:
  • Cindy Needham

    (Institute for Health Transformation, Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia)

  • Liliana Orellana

    (Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia)

  • Steven Allender

    (Institute for Health Transformation, Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia)

  • Gary Sacks

    (Institute for Health Transformation, Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia)

  • Miranda R. Blake

    (Institute for Health Transformation, Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia)

  • Claudia Strugnell

    (Institute for Health Transformation, Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia)

Abstract

Obesity prevalence is inequitably distributed across geographic areas. Food environments may contribute to health disparities, yet little is known about how food environments are evolving over time and how this may influence dietary intake and weight. This study aimed to analyse intra-city variation in density and healthiness of food outlets between 2008 and 2016 in Melbourne, Australia. Food outlet data were classified by location, type and healthiness. Local government areas (LGAs) were classified into four groups representing distance from the central business district. Residential population estimates for each LGA were used to calculate the density of food outlets per 10,000 residents. Linear mixed models were fitted to estimate the mean density and ratio of ‘healthy’ to ‘unhealthy’ food outlets and food outlet ‘types’ by LGA group over time. The number of food outlets increased at a faster rate than the residential population, driven by an increasing density of both ‘unhealthy’ and ‘healthy’ outlets. Across all years, ratios of ‘unhealthy’ to ‘healthy’ outlets were highest in LGAs located in designated Growth Areas. Melbourne’s metropolitan food environment is saturated by ‘unhealthy’ and ‘less healthy’ food outlets, relative to ‘healthy’ ones. Melbourne’s urban growth areas had the least healthy food environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Cindy Needham & Liliana Orellana & Steven Allender & Gary Sacks & Miranda R. Blake & Claudia Strugnell, 2020. "Food Retail Environments in Greater Melbourne 2008–2016: Longitudinal Analysis of Intra-City Variation in Density and Healthiness of Food Outlets," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:4:p:1321-:d:322282
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maureen Murphy & Hannah Badland & Helen Jordan & Mohammad Javad Koohsari & Billie Giles-Corti, 2018. "Local Food Environments, Suburban Development, and BMI: A Mixed Methods Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Kristen Cooksey-Stowers & Marlene B. Schwartz & Kelly D. Brownell, 2017. "Food Swamps Predict Obesity Rates Better Than Food Deserts in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, November.
    3. Hilmers, A. & Hilmers, D.C. & Dave, J., 2012. "Neighborhood disparities in access to healthy foods and their effects on environmental justice," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(9), pages 1644-1654.
    4. Hamid Moayyed & Bridget Kelly & Xiaoqi Feng & Victoria Flood, 2017. "Is Living near Healthier Food Stores Associated with Better Food Intake in Regional Australia?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-10, August.
    5. Lopez, R., 2004. "Urban sprawl and risk for being overweight or obese," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(9), pages 1574-1579.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ester Cerin & Shiyuan Yin & Wing Ka Choi & Winsfred Ngan & Rachel Tham & Anthony Barnett, 2021. "Development of Measures of Perceived Neighborhood Environmental Attributes Influencing, and Perceived Barriers to Engagement in, Healthy Behaviors for Older Chinese Immigrants to Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-26, April.
    2. Huong Ngoc Quynh Tran & Emma McMahon & Marj Moodie & Jaithri Ananthapavan, 2021. "A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations of Health-Promoting Food Retail-Based Interventions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Sisitha Jayasinghe & Emily J. Flies & Robert Soward & Dave Kendal & Michelle Kilpatrick & Verity Cleland & Rebecca Roberts & Fadhillah Norzahari & Melanie Davern & Timothy P. Holloway & Sandra Murray , 2022. "Physical Activity and Food Environments in and around Schools: A Case Study in Regional North-West Tasmania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-14, May.

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