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Comparison of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Methods to Measure Salivary Cotinine Levels in Ill Children

Author

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  • E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens

    (Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA)

  • Matthew J. Mazzella

    (Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA)

  • John T. Doucette

    (Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA)

  • Ashley L. Merianos

    (School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA)

  • Lara Stone

    (Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA)

  • Chase A. Wullenweber

    (Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA)

  • Stefanie A. Busgang

    (Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA)

  • Georg E. Matt

    (Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92123, USA)

Abstract

Objective : Cotinine is the preferred biomarker to validate levels of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in children. Compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods (ELISA) for quantifying cotinine in saliva, the use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has higher sensitivity and specificity to measure very low levels of TSE. We sought to compare LC-MS/MS and ELISA measures of cotinine in saliva samples from children overall and the associations of these measures with demographics and TSE patterns. Method : Participants were nonsmoking children (N = 218; age mean (SD) = 6.1 (5.1) years) presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Saliva samples were analyzed for cotinine using both LC-MS/MS and ELISA. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) for LC-MS/MS and ELISA was 0.1 ng/mL and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. Results : Intraclass correlations (ICC) across methods = 0.884 and was consistent in sex and age subgroups. The geometric mean (GeoM) of LC-MS/MS = 4.1 (range: < LOQ to 382 ng/mL; 3% < LOQ) which was lower ( p < 0.0001) than the ELISA GeoM = 5.7 (range: < LOQ to 364 ng/mL; 5% < LOQ). Similar associations of cotinine concentrations with age ( β ^ < −0.10, p < 0.0001), demographic characteristics (e.g., income), and number of cigarettes smoked by caregiver ( β ^ > 0.07, p < 0.0001) were found regardless of cotinine detection method; however, cotinine associations with sex and race/ethnicity were only found to be significant in models using LC-MS/MS-derived cotinine. Conclusions : Utilizing LC-MS/MS-based cotinine, associations of cotinine with sex and race/ethnicity of child were revealed that were not detectable using ELISA-based cotinine, demonstrating the benefits of utilizing the more sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for cotinine measurement when detecting low levels of TSE in children.

Suggested Citation

  • E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens & Matthew J. Mazzella & John T. Doucette & Ashley L. Merianos & Lara Stone & Chase A. Wullenweber & Stefanie A. Busgang & Georg E. Matt, 2020. "Comparison of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Methods to Measure Salivary Cotinine Levels in Ill Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:4:p:1157-:d:319833
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sònia Torres & Carla Merino & Beatrix Paton & Xavier Correig & Noelia Ramírez, 2018. "Biomarkers of Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, November.
    2. Stephen J. Lepore & Bradley N. Collins & Donna L. Coffman & Jonathan P. Winickoff & Uma S. Nair & Beth Moughan & Tyra Bryant-Stephens & Daniel Taylor & David Fleece & Melissa Godfrey, 2018. "Kids Safe and Smokefree (KiSS) Multilevel Intervention to Reduce Child Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Long-Term Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Shona C Fang & Shan Chen & Felicia Trachtenberg & Slawa Rokicki & Gary Adamkiewicz & Douglas E Levy, 2016. "Validity of Self-Reported Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Non-Smoking Adult Public Housing Residents," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-13, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens & Georg E. Matt & Roman A. Jandarov & Ashley L. Merianos, 2023. "The Associations of Trans -3′-Hydroxy Cotinine, Cotinine, and the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Pediatric Patients with Tobacco Smoke Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(9), pages 1-12, April.
    2. E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens & Robert T. Ammerman & Jane C. Khoury & Meredith E. Tabangin & Lili Ding & Ashley L. Merianos & Lara Stone & Judith S. Gordon, 2020. "A Parental Smoking Cessation Intervention in the Pediatric Emergency Setting: A Randomized Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, November.

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