IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i3p725-d312176.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Green Spaces, Land Cover, Street Trees and Hypertension in the Megacity of São Paulo

Author

Listed:
  • Tiana C. L. Moreira

    (Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
    Harvard T. H. CHAN School of Public Health, Environmental Health Department, Boston, MA 02215, USA)

  • Jefferson L. Polizel

    (Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil)

  • Itamar de Souza Santos

    (Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
    Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil)

  • Demóstenes F. Silva Filho

    (Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil)

  • Isabela Bensenor

    (Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
    Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil)

  • Paulo A. Lotufo

    (Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
    Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil)

  • Thais Mauad

    (Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
    Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil)

Abstract

Proximity to green spaces has been shown to be beneficial to several cardiovascular outcomes in urban spaces. Few studies, however, have analyzed the relationship between these outcomes and green space or land cover uses in low–medium income megacities, where the consequences of rapid and inordinate urbanization impose several health hazards. This study used a subgroup of the dataset from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health ELSA-BRASIL ( n = 3418) to identify the correlation between the medical diagnosis of hypertension and green spaces in the megacity of São Paulo. Land cover classification was performed based on the random forest algorithm using geometrically corrected aerial photography (orthophoto). Three different indicators of exposure to green spaces were used: number of street trees, land cover and number of parks within 1 km. We used logistic regression models to obtain the association of the metrics exposure and health outcomes. The number of street trees in the regional governments (OR = 0.937 and number of parks within 1 km (OR = 0.876) were inversely associated with a diagnosis of hypertension. Sixty-three percent of the population had no parks within 1 km of their residence. Our data indicate the need to encourage large-scale street tree planting and increase the number of qualified parks in megacities.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiana C. L. Moreira & Jefferson L. Polizel & Itamar de Souza Santos & Demóstenes F. Silva Filho & Isabela Bensenor & Paulo A. Lotufo & Thais Mauad, 2020. "Green Spaces, Land Cover, Street Trees and Hypertension in the Megacity of São Paulo," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:3:p:725-:d:312176
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/725/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/725/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cohen, D.A. & McKenzie, T.L. & Sehgal, A. & Williamson, S. & Golinelli, D. & Lurie, N., 2007. "Contribution of public parks to physical activity," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(3), pages 509-514.
    2. Colleen E. Reid & Jane E. Clougherty & Jessie L.C. Shmool & Laura D. Kubzansky, 2017. "Is All Urban Green Space the Same? A Comparison of the Health Benefits of Trees and Grass in New York City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, November.
    3. Roland Ngom & Pierre Gosselin & Claudia Blais & Louis Rochette, 2016. "Type and Proximity of Green Spaces Are Important for Preventing Cardiovascular Morbidity and Diabetes—A Cross-Sectional Study for Quebec, Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Dóra Chor & Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro & Marilia Sá Carvalho & Bruce Bartholow Duncan & Paulo Andrade Lotufo & Aline Araújo Nobre & Estela Mota Lima Leão de Aquino & Maria Inês Schmidt & Rosane Härter, 2015. "Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Influence of Socioeconomic Variables on Control of High Blood Pressure: Results of the ELSA-Brasil Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-14, June.
    5. Kathryn Abelt & Sara McLafferty, 2017. "Green Streets: Urban Green and Birth Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Regina Grazuleviciene & Sandra Andrusaityte & Tomas Gražulevičius & Audrius Dėdelė, 2020. "Neighborhood Social and Built Environment and Disparities in the Risk of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Enembe O. Okokon & Tarja Yli-Tuomi & Taina Siponen & Pekka Tiittanen & Anu W. Turunen & Leena Kangas & Ari Karppinen & Jaakko Kukkonen & Timo Lanki, 2021. "Heterogeneous Urban Exposures and Prevalent Hypertension in the Helsinki Capital Region, Finland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Mariya Geneshka & Peter Coventry & Joana Cruz & Simon Gilbody, 2021. "Relationship between Green and Blue Spaces with Mental and Physical Health: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-29, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Phi-Yen Nguyen & Thomas Astell-Burt & Hania Rahimi-Ardabili & Xiaoqi Feng, 2021. "Green Space Quality and Health: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-38, October.
    2. Alessandro Rigolon & Matthew H. E. M. Browning & Olivia McAnirlin & Hyunseo (Violet) Yoon, 2021. "Green Space and Health Equity: A Systematic Review on the Potential of Green Space to Reduce Health Disparities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-27, March.
    3. Liqing Zhang & Puay Yok Tan, 2019. "Associations between Urban Green Spaces and Health are Dependent on the Analytical Scale and How Urban Green Spaces are Measured," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-18, February.
    4. Wei-Lun Tsai & Melissa R. McHale & Viniece Jennings & Oriol Marquet & J. Aaron Hipp & Yu-Fai Leung & Myron F. Floyd, 2018. "Relationships between Characteristics of Urban Green Land Cover and Mental Health in U.S. Metropolitan Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-12, February.
    5. Hye-Jin Kim & Jin-Young Min & Hyun-Jin Kim & Kyoung-Bok Min, 2016. "Parks and Green Areas Are Associated with Decreased Risk for Hyperlipidemia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Mark P.C. Cherrie & Niamh K. Shortt & Catharine Ward Thompson & Ian J. Deary & Jamie R. Pearce, 2019. "Association Between the Activity Space Exposure to Parks in Childhood and Adolescence and Cognitive Aging in Later Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-13, February.
    7. Xiaohu Zhang & Scott Melbourne & Chinmoy Sarkar & Alain Chiaradia & Chris Webster, 2020. "Effects of green space on walking: Does size, shape and density matter?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(16), pages 3402-3420, December.
    8. Boncinelli, Fabio & Riccioli, Francesco & Marone, Enrico, 2015. "Do forests help to keep my body mass index low?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 11-17.
    9. Mingxin Liu & Chenxi Chen & Jiaqi Yan, 2023. "Identifying Park Spatial Characteristics That Encourage Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity among Park Visitors," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-22, March.
    10. Shirelle H. Hallum & Marilyn E. Wende & Farnaz Hesam Shariati & Kelsey M. Thomas & Anna L. Chupak & Eleanor Witherspoon & Andrew T. Kaczynski, 2024. "Unearthing Inequities in the Relationship between Multiple Sociodemographic Factors and Diverse Elements of Park Availability and Quality in a Major Southern Metropolitan Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(2), pages 1-19, February.
    11. Stephanie A. Prince & Elizabeth A. Kristjansson & Katherine Russell & Jean-Michel Billette & Michael Sawada & Amira Ali & Mark S. Tremblay & Denis Prud’homme, 2011. "A Multilevel Analysis of Neighbourhood Built and Social Environments and Adult Self-Reported Physical Activity and Body Mass Index in Ottawa, Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-26, October.
    12. Matthew H. E. M. Browning & Alessandro Rigolon, 2019. "School Green Space and Its Impact on Academic Performance: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, February.
    13. Yonatal Tefera & Veronica Soebarto & Courtney Bishop & John Kandulu & Carmel Williams, 2023. "A Scoping Review of Urban Planning Decision Support Tools and Processes That Account for the Health, Environment, and Economic Benefits of Trees and Greenspace," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(1), pages 1-28, December.
    14. Olga L. Sarmiento & Ana Paola Rios & Diana C. Paez & Karoll Quijano & Rogério César Fermino, 2017. "The Recreovía of Bogotá, a Community-Based Physical Activity Program to Promote Physical Activity among Women: Baseline Results of the Natural Experiment Al Ritmo de las Comunidades," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-15, June.
    15. Antonios Kolimenakis & Alexandra D. Solomou & Nikolaos Proutsos & Evangelia V. Avramidou & Evangelia Korakaki & Georgios Karetsos & Georgios Maroulis & Eleftherios Papagiannis & Konstantinia Tsagkari, 2021. "The Socioeconomic Welfare of Urban Green Areas and Parks; A Literature Review of Available Evidence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-26, July.
    16. Elliott, Lewis R. & White, Mathew P. & Taylor, Adrian H. & Herbert, Stephen, 2015. "Energy expenditure on recreational visits to different natural environments," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 53-60.
    17. Bopaki Phogole & Kowiyou Yessoufou, 2023. "Greener Neighbourhoods Show Resilience to the Spread but Not Severity of COVID-19 Infection in South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, October.
    18. Mohammad Paydar & Asal Kamani Fard & Verónica Gárate Navarrete, 2023. "Design Characteristics, Visual Qualities, and Walking Behavior in an Urban Park Setting," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-23, September.
    19. Zhou, Min & Tan, Shukui & Tao, Yinghui & Lu, Yongzhong & Zhang, Zuo & Zhang, Lu & Yan, Danping, 2017. "Neighborhood socioeconomics, food environment and land use determinants of public health: Isolating the relative importance for essential policy insights," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 246-253.
    20. Jelena Vukomanovic & Barron J. Orr, 2014. "Landscape Aesthetics and the Scenic Drivers of Amenity Migration in the New West: Naturalness, Visual Scale, and Complexity," Land, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-24, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:3:p:725-:d:312176. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.