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Green Spaces, Land Cover, Street Trees and Hypertension in the Megacity of São Paulo

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  • Tiana C. L. Moreira

    (Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
    Harvard T. H. CHAN School of Public Health, Environmental Health Department, Boston, MA 02215, USA)

  • Jefferson L. Polizel

    (Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil)

  • Itamar de Souza Santos

    (Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
    Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil)

  • Demóstenes F. Silva Filho

    (Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil)

  • Isabela Bensenor

    (Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
    Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil)

  • Paulo A. Lotufo

    (Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
    Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil)

  • Thais Mauad

    (Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
    Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil)

Abstract

Proximity to green spaces has been shown to be beneficial to several cardiovascular outcomes in urban spaces. Few studies, however, have analyzed the relationship between these outcomes and green space or land cover uses in low–medium income megacities, where the consequences of rapid and inordinate urbanization impose several health hazards. This study used a subgroup of the dataset from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health ELSA-BRASIL ( n = 3418) to identify the correlation between the medical diagnosis of hypertension and green spaces in the megacity of São Paulo. Land cover classification was performed based on the random forest algorithm using geometrically corrected aerial photography (orthophoto). Three different indicators of exposure to green spaces were used: number of street trees, land cover and number of parks within 1 km. We used logistic regression models to obtain the association of the metrics exposure and health outcomes. The number of street trees in the regional governments (OR = 0.937 and number of parks within 1 km (OR = 0.876) were inversely associated with a diagnosis of hypertension. Sixty-three percent of the population had no parks within 1 km of their residence. Our data indicate the need to encourage large-scale street tree planting and increase the number of qualified parks in megacities.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiana C. L. Moreira & Jefferson L. Polizel & Itamar de Souza Santos & Demóstenes F. Silva Filho & Isabela Bensenor & Paulo A. Lotufo & Thais Mauad, 2020. "Green Spaces, Land Cover, Street Trees and Hypertension in the Megacity of São Paulo," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:3:p:725-:d:312176
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Regina Grazuleviciene & Sandra Andrusaityte & Tomas Gražulevičius & Audrius Dėdelė, 2020. "Neighborhood Social and Built Environment and Disparities in the Risk of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Enembe O. Okokon & Tarja Yli-Tuomi & Taina Siponen & Pekka Tiittanen & Anu W. Turunen & Leena Kangas & Ari Karppinen & Jaakko Kukkonen & Timo Lanki, 2021. "Heterogeneous Urban Exposures and Prevalent Hypertension in the Helsinki Capital Region, Finland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Mariya Geneshka & Peter Coventry & Joana Cruz & Simon Gilbody, 2021. "Relationship between Green and Blue Spaces with Mental and Physical Health: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-29, August.

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