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Green Streets: Urban Green and Birth Outcomes

Author

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  • Kathryn Abelt

    (Department of Geography & Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2066 Natural History Building, 1301 W. Green St. Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Sara McLafferty

    (Department of Geography & Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2066 Natural History Building, 1301 W. Green St. Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

Abstract

Recent scholarship points to a protective association between green space and birth outcomes as well a positive relationship between blue space and wellbeing. We add to this body of literature by exploring the relationship between expectant mothers’ exposure to green and blue spaces and adverse birth outcomes in New York City. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the NYC Street Tree Census, and access to major green spaces served as measures of greenness, while proximity to waterfront areas represented access to blue space. Associations between these factors and adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, term birthweight, term low birthweight, and small for gestational age, were evaluated via mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models. The analyses were conducted separately for women living in deprived neighborhoods to test for differential effects on mothers in these areas. The results indicate that women in deprived neighborhoods suffer from higher rates adverse birth outcomes and lower levels of residential greenness. In adjusted models, a significant inverse association between nearby street trees and the odds of preterm birth was found for all women. However, we did not identify a consistent significant relationship between adverse birth outcomes and NDVI, access to major green spaces, or waterfront access when individual covariates were taken into account.

Suggested Citation

  • Kathryn Abelt & Sara McLafferty, 2017. "Green Streets: Urban Green and Birth Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:7:p:771-:d:104544
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kirsten M. M. Beyer & Andrea Kaltenbach & Aniko Szabo & Sandra Bogar & F. Javier Nieto & Kristen M. Malecki, 2014. "Exposure to Neighborhood Green Space and Mental Health: Evidence from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Mireia Gascon & Margarita Triguero-Mas & David Martínez & Payam Dadvand & Joan Forns & Antoni Plasència & Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, 2015. "Mental Health Benefits of Long-Term Exposure to Residential Green and Blue Spaces: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-26, April.
    3. Joan A. Casey & Peter James & Kara E. Rudolph & Chih-Da Wu & Brian S. Schwartz, 2016. "Greenness and Birth Outcomes in a Range of Pennsylvania Communities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-15, March.
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    1. Federica Asta & Paola Michelozzi & Giulia Cesaroni & Manuela De Sario & Chiara Badaloni & Marina Davoli & Patrizia Schifano, 2019. "The Modifying Role of Socioeconomic Position and Greenness on the Short-Term Effect of Heat and Air Pollution on Preterm Births in Rome, 2001–2013," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-12, July.
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    3. Kelvin C. Fong & Itai Kloog & Brent A. Coull & Petros Koutrakis & Francine Laden & Joel D. Schwartz & Peter James, 2018. "Residential Greenness and Birthweight in the State of Massachusetts, USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Liqing Zhang & Puay Yok Tan, 2019. "Associations between Urban Green Spaces and Health are Dependent on the Analytical Scale and How Urban Green Spaces are Measured," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Kathleen L. Wolf & Sharon T. Lam & Jennifer K. McKeen & Gregory R.A. Richardson & Matilda van den Bosch & Adrina C. Bardekjian, 2020. "Urban Trees and Human Health: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-30, June.
    6. Selin Akaraci & Xiaoqi Feng & Thomas Suesse & Bin Jalaludin & Thomas Astell-Burt, 2020. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Associations between Green and Blue Spaces and Birth Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-20, April.
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