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Association Between the Activity Space Exposure to Parks in Childhood and Adolescence and Cognitive Aging in Later Life

Author

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  • Mark P.C. Cherrie

    (Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK)

  • Niamh K. Shortt

    (Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK)

  • Catharine Ward Thompson

    (OPENspace Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 9DF, UK)

  • Ian J. Deary

    (Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 9DF, UK)

  • Jamie R. Pearce

    (Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK)

Abstract

The exposure to green space in early life may support better cognitive aging in later life. However, this exposure is usually measured using the residential location alone. This disregards the exposure to green spaces in places frequented during daily activities (i.e., the ‘activity space’). Overlooking the multiple locations visited by an individual over the course of a day is likely to result in poor estimation of the environmental exposure and therefore exacerbates the contextual uncertainty. A child’s activity space is influenced by factors including age, sex, and the parental perception of the neighborhood. This paper develops indices of park availability based on individuals’ activity spaces (home, school, and the optimal route to school). These measures are used to examine whether park availability in childhood is related to cognitive change much later in life. Multi-level linear models, including random effects for schools, were used to test the association between park availability during childhood and adolescence and cognitive aging (age 70 to 76) in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 participants (N = 281). To test for the effect modification, these models were stratified by sex and road traffic accident (RTA) density. Park availability during adolescence was associated with better cognitive aging at a concurrently low RTA density (β = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.36 to 1.60), but not when the RTA density was higher (β = 0.22, 95% CI: −0.07 to 0.51). Green space exposure during early life may be important for optimal cognitive aging; this should be evidenced using activity space-based measures within a life-course perspective.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark P.C. Cherrie & Niamh K. Shortt & Catharine Ward Thompson & Ian J. Deary & Jamie R. Pearce, 2019. "Association Between the Activity Space Exposure to Parks in Childhood and Adolescence and Cognitive Aging in Later Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:4:p:632-:d:207834
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qiujun Wei & Jiangfeng She & Shuhua Zhang & Jinsong Ma, 2018. "Using Individual GPS Trajectories to Explore Foodscape Exposure: A Case Study in Beijing Metropolitan Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
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    4. Jamie R. Pearce, 2018. "Complexity and Uncertainty in Geography of Health Research: Incorporating Life-Course Perspectives," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 108(6), pages 1491-1498, November.
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    6. Jamie Pearce & Niamh Shortt & Esther Rind & Richard Mitchell, 2016. "Life Course, Green Space and Health: Incorporating Place into Life Course Epidemiology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-11, March.
    7. Erin York Cornwell & Kathleen A Cagney, 2017. "Aging in Activity Space: Results From Smartphone-Based GPS-Tracking of Urban Seniors," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 72(5), pages 864-875.
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    Cited by:

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    5. José Ignacio Nazif-Munoz & José Guillermo Cedeno Laurent & Matthew Browning & John Spengler & Héctor A. Olvera Álvarez, 2020. "Green, Brown, and Gray: Associations between Different Measurements of Land Patterns and Depression among Nursing Students in El Paso, Texas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-17, November.
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    7. Lilah M. Besser & Marcia Pescador Jimenez & Cameron J. Reimer & Oanh L. Meyer & Diana Mitsova & Kristen M. George & Paris B. Adkins-Jackson & James E. Galvin, 2023. "Diversity of Studies on Neighborhood Greenspace and Brain Health by Racialized/Ethnic Group and Geographic Region: A Rapid Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(9), pages 1-22, April.

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