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Heterogeneous Urban Exposures and Prevalent Hypertension in the Helsinki Capital Region, Finland

Author

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  • Enembe O. Okokon

    (Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar PMB 1115, Nigeria)

  • Tarja Yli-Tuomi

    (Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland)

  • Taina Siponen

    (Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland)

  • Pekka Tiittanen

    (Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland)

  • Anu W. Turunen

    (Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland)

  • Leena Kangas

    (Department of Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Ari Karppinen

    (Department of Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Jaakko Kukkonen

    (Department of Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Timo Lanki

    (Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
    Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland)

Abstract

Urban dwellers are simultaneously exposed to several environmental health risk factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 , diameter < 2.5 µm) of residential-wood-burning and road-traffic origin, road-traffic noise, green space around participants’ homes, and hypertension. In 2015 and 2016, we conducted a survey of residents of the Helsinki Capital Region to determine their perceptions of environmental quality and safety, lifestyles, and health statuses. Recent antihypertensive medication was used as an indicator of current hypertensive illness. Individual-level exposure was estimated by linking residential coordinates with modelled outdoor levels of wood-smoke- and traffic-related PM 2.5 , road-traffic noise, and coverage of natural spaces. Relationships between exposure and hypertension were modelled using multi-exposure and single-exposure binary logistic regression while taking smooth functions into account. Twenty-eight percent of the participants were current users of antihypertensive medication. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for antihypertensive use were 1.12 (0.78–1.57); 0.97 (0.76–1.26); 0.98 (0.93–1.04) and 0.99 (0.94–1.04) for wood-smoke PM 2.5 , road-traffic PM 2.5 , road-traffic noise, and coverage of green space, respectively. We found no evidence of an effect of the investigated urban exposures on prevalent hypertension in the Helsinki Capital Region.

Suggested Citation

  • Enembe O. Okokon & Tarja Yli-Tuomi & Taina Siponen & Pekka Tiittanen & Anu W. Turunen & Leena Kangas & Ari Karppinen & Jaakko Kukkonen & Timo Lanki, 2021. "Heterogeneous Urban Exposures and Prevalent Hypertension in the Helsinki Capital Region, Finland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1196-:d:489257
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    References listed on IDEAS

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