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What Types of Greenspaces Are Associated with Depression in Urban and Rural Older Adults? A Multilevel Cross-Sectional Study from JAGES

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  • Miho Nishigaki

    (Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8672, Japan)

  • Masamichi Hanazato

    (Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan)

  • Chie Koga

    (Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan)

  • Katsunori Kondo

    (Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
    Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morikoka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

Abstract

Depression in older adults is a public health challenge. We aimed to clarify the relationship between depression in older adults and three types of neighborhood greenspaces: trees, grasslands, and fields. We utilized data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) performed in 2016. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used for non-stratified and stratified analyses for the urban–rural regions. The target population comprised 126,878 older adults (age ≥ 65 years) who responded to the depression questions and were living in 881 neighborhoods in Japan. Depression was diagnosed based on a Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥5, and 20.4% of the study population had depression. In the pre-stratification analysis, areas with more greenspaces revealed lower odds of depression (odds ratio (OR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–0.95). In urban areas, more trees correlated with lower odds of depression (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–1.00). In rural areas, moderate amounts of grassland were associated with lower odds of depression compared to areas with fewer grasslands (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–1.00). We found that urban areas with higher tree density and rural areas with moderate amounts of grassland were associated with lower odds of depression.

Suggested Citation

  • Miho Nishigaki & Masamichi Hanazato & Chie Koga & Katsunori Kondo, 2020. "What Types of Greenspaces Are Associated with Depression in Urban and Rural Older Adults? A Multilevel Cross-Sectional Study from JAGES," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9276-:d:460605
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kazushige Ide & Taishi Tsuji & Satoru Kanamori & Seungwon Jeong & Yuiko Nagamine & Katsunori Kondo, 2020. "Social Participation and Functional Decline: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Older People, Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Longitudinal Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Colleen E. Reid & Jane E. Clougherty & Jessie L.C. Shmool & Laura D. Kubzansky, 2017. "Is All Urban Green Space the Same? A Comparison of the Health Benefits of Trees and Grass in New York City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, November.
    3. Scott C. Brown & Tatiana Perrino & Joanna Lombard & Kefeng Wang & Matthew Toro & Tatjana Rundek & Carolina Marinovic Gutierrez & Chuanhui Dong & Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk & Maria I. Nardi & Jack Kardys , 2018. "Health Disparities in the Relationship of Neighborhood Greenness to Mental Health Outcomes in 249,405 U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-11, March.
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    1. Megumi Nishida & Masamichi Hanazato & Chie Koga & Katsunori Kondo, 2021. "Association between Proximity of the Elementary School and Depression in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from the JAGES 2016 Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Phi-Yen Nguyen & Thomas Astell-Burt & Hania Rahimi-Ardabili & Xiaoqi Feng, 2021. "Green Space Quality and Health: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-38, October.

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